Shah Shiv, Ghosh Debolina, Otsuka Takayoshi, Laurencin Cato T
The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3711, USA.
Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
Regen Eng Transl Med. 2024 Sep;10(3):309-322. doi: 10.1007/s40883-023-00317-x. Epub 2023 Sep 18.
The majority of adult tissues are limited in self-repair and regeneration due to their poor intrinsic regenerative capacity. It is widely recognized that stem cells are present in almost all adult tissues, but the natural regeneration in adult mammals is not sufficient to recover function after injury or disease. Historically, 3 classes of stem cells have been defined: embryonic stem cells (ESCs), adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Here, we have defined a fourth fully engineered class: the synthetic artificial stem cell (SASC). This review aims to discuss the applications of these stem cell classes in musculoskeletal regenerative engineering.
We screened articles in PubMed and bibliographic search using a combination of keywords. Relevant and high-cited articles were chosen for inclusion in this narrative review.
In this review, we discuss the different classes of stem cells that are biologically derived (ESCs and MSCs) or semi-engineered/engineered (iPSCs, SASC). We also discuss the applications of these stem cell classes in musculoskeletal regenerative engineering. We further summarize the advantages and disadvantages of using each of the classes and how they impact the clinical translation of these therapies.
Each class of stem cells has advantages and disadvantages in preclinical and clinical settings. We also propose the engineered SASC class as a potentially disease-modifying therapy that harnesses the paracrine action of biologically derived stem cells to mimic regenerative potential.
The majority of adult tissues are limited in self-repair and regeneration, even though stem cells are present in almost all adult tissues. Historically, 3 classes of stem cells have been defined: embryonic stem cells (ESCs), adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Here, we have defined a fourth, fully engineered class: the synthetic artificial stem cell (SASC). In this review, we discuss the applications of each of these stem cell classes in musculoskeletal regenerative engineering. We further summarize the advantages and disadvantages of using each of these classes and how they impact the clinical translation of these therapies.
大多数成体组织由于其固有的再生能力较差，自我修复和再生受到限制。人们普遍认识到，几乎所有成体组织中都存在干细胞，但成年哺乳动物的自然再生不足以在损伤或疾病后恢复功能。历史上，已定义了3类干细胞：胚胎干细胞（ESC）、成人间充质干细胞（MSC）和诱导多能干细胞（iPSC）。在此，我们定义了第四类完全工程化的干细胞：合成人工干细胞（SASC）。本综述旨在讨论这些干细胞类别在肌肉骨骼再生工程中的应用。
我们使用关键词组合在PubMed和文献检索中筛选文章。选择相关且被高引用的文章纳入本叙述性综述。
在本综述中，我们讨论了生物来源的（ESC和MSC）或半工程化/工程化的（iPSC、SASC）不同类别干细胞。我们还讨论了这些干细胞类别在肌肉骨骼再生工程中的应用。我们进一步总结了使用每类干细胞的优缺点以及它们如何影响这些疗法的临床转化。
每类干细胞在临床前和临床环境中都有优缺点。我们还提出工程化的SASC类别作为一种潜在的疾病修饰疗法，利用生物来源干细胞的旁分泌作用来模拟再生潜力。
大多数成体组织的自我修复和再生受到限制，尽管几乎所有成体组织中都存在干细胞。历史上，已定义了3类干细胞：胚胎干细胞（ESC）、成人间充质干细胞（MSC）和诱导多能干细胞（iPSC）。在此，我们定义了第四类完全工程化的干细胞：合成人工干细胞（SASC）。在本综述中，我们讨论了每类干细胞在肌肉骨骼再生工程中的应用。我们进一步总结了使用每类干细胞的优缺点以及它们如何影响这些疗法的临床转化。
