Department of Nursing, Dilla University College of Health Science and Medicine, Addis Ababa, Dilla, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2024 Oct 10;19(10):e0311663. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311663. eCollection 2024.
Heart failure (HF), a complex condition arising from impaired ventricular function, necessitates strict adherence to dietary recommendations for optimal patient management. However, information regarding adherence and its influencing factors remains limited.
This study aimed to assess dietary recommendation adherence and its associated factors among HF patients at Southern Ethiopia public hospitals.
A cross-sectional study involving 521 participants employed systematic random sampling. Data collection utilized pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaires and medical chart reviews. Data were entered and analyzed using Epi Data 3.1 and SPSS 20.0 software. Descriptive statistics were performed. Variables with p-values < 0.25 in binary logistic regression were included in multivariable logistic regression analyses. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval. Results are presented in text, tables, and figures. With a 97.4% response rate, adherence ranged from 20.3% (vegetables and fruits) to 60.3% (fat-free diet). Only 8.1% achieved good adherence across all parameters, with overall adherence at 33.4% (95% CI: 29-37). Multivariable analysis revealed that patients aged 41-60 years (AOR: 1.7), with a history of admission (AOR: 2.5), free from comorbidities (AOR: 0.58), and possessing a favorable attitude (AOR: 0.45) had statistically significant associations with good adherence.
Dietary adherence among HF patients remains a challenge. Healthcare providers, particularly those in chronic follow-up settings, should prioritize improving patient attitudes towards proper dietary practices. Tailored education programs targeting younger patients and those free from comorbidities should be implemented. Continuous monitoring, evaluation, and staff recognition for effective client counseling are crucial.
心力衰竭（HF）是一种由于心室功能障碍引起的复杂病症，需要严格遵守饮食建议，以实现最佳的患者管理。然而，有关依从性及其影响因素的信息仍然有限。
本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚南部公立医院 HF 患者的饮食建议依从性及其相关因素。
采用横断面研究，对 521 名参与者进行系统随机抽样。数据收集采用经过预测试的访谈式调查问卷和病历回顾。使用 Epi Data 3.1 和 SPSS 20.0 软件录入和分析数据。采用描述性统计方法。二项逻辑回归中 p 值<0.25 的变量纳入多变量逻辑回归分析。以 p<0.05（95%置信区间）为统计学显著性标准。结果以文字、表格和图形呈现。研究获得了 97.4%的响应率，依从率范围从 20.3%（蔬菜和水果）到 60.3%（低脂饮食）。仅有 8.1%的患者在所有参数上达到了良好的依从性，总体依从率为 33.4%（95%CI：29-37）。多变量分析显示，41-60 岁的患者（AOR：1.7）、有住院史的患者（AOR：2.5）、无合并症的患者（AOR：0.58）和态度良好的患者（AOR：0.45）与良好的依从性具有统计学显著关联。
HF 患者的饮食依从性仍然是一个挑战。医疗保健提供者，特别是在慢性随访环境中的提供者，应优先改善患者对适当饮食实践的态度。应针对年轻患者和无合并症患者实施有针对性的教育计划。持续监测、评估和工作人员对有效客户咨询的认可至关重要。
