University of Colorado Boulder, BioFrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
University of Utah, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
Cell Host Microbe. 2024 Oct 9;32(10):1668-1680. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.09.010.
The resident microbiota are a key component of a healthy organism. The vast majority of microbiome studies have focused on bacterial members, which constitute a significant portion of resident microbial biomass. Recent studies have demonstrated how the fungal component of the microbiota, or the mycobiome, influences mammalian biology despite its low abundance compared to other microbes. Fungi are known for their pathogenic potential, yet fungi are also prominent colonizers in healthy states, highlighting their duality. We summarize the characteristics that define the gut mycobiome across life, the factors that can impact its composition, and studies that identify mechanisms of how fungi confer health benefits. The goal of this review is to synthesize our knowledge regarding the composition and function of a healthy mycobiome with a view to inspiring future therapeutic advances.
定植菌群是健康机体的重要组成部分。绝大多数微生物组研究都集中于细菌成员，这些细菌构成了定植微生物生物量的重要部分。最近的研究表明，尽管与其他微生物相比，微生物组中的真菌部分（即真菌群落）丰度较低，但它如何影响哺乳动物生物学。真菌以其致病潜力而闻名，但真菌在健康状态下也是主要定植者，这突出了它们的双重性。我们总结了定义整个生命过程中肠道真菌群落的特征、可能影响其组成的因素，以及确定真菌如何带来健康益处的机制的研究。本篇综述的目的是综合我们对健康真菌群落的组成和功能的了解，以期为未来的治疗进展提供启示。
