School of Biology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
Ageing Res Rev. 2024 Nov;101:102537. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102537. Epub 2024 Oct 9.
Depression is a complex and pervasive mental health disorder affecting millions globally. Serotonin, a critical neurotransmitter, plays a central role in the pathophysiology of depression. This review explores serotonin's multifaceted role in depression, focusing on its synthesis, bioavailability, receptor interactions, and the impact of various factors, including diet, stress, and gender differences. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of serotonin's role in depression by examining its synthesis and structure, its bioavailability and dietary influences, and its interactions with stress and immune responses. Additionally, it investigates the influence of age, socioeconomic status, and gender on depression, and integrates findings from animal research to elucidate serotonin's impact on mood disorders and cognitive decline. A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase databases. Key focus areas included serotonin synthesis and receptor interactions, dietary effects on serotonin bioavailability, and the relationship between serotonin, immune responses, and stress. Gender differences, age-related factors, and socioeconomic influences on depression were also examined. Studies were thematically categorized and analyzed to provide a cohesive overview. Our review highlights that serotonin synthesis involves a complex enzymatic process, with recent structural studies revealing intricate receptor interactions. Dietary factors significantly impact serotonin levels, with interventions potentially modulating mood disorders. Stress and immune responses are linked to serotonin dynamics, with chronic stress exacerbating mood disorders and influencing cognitive decline. Animal studies underscore serotonin's role in mood regulation and cognitive function, while human research reveals how age, gender, and socioeconomic factors affect depression. The findings emphasize the need for a multidimensional approach to understanding and treating depression. Various factors, including diet, stress, and immune responses, influence serotonin's role in mood disorders. The review suggests potential therapeutic pathways involving dietary interventions and stress management. Furthermore, gender-specific considerations and the impact of age and socioeconomic status on depression outcomes highlight the need for tailored treatment strategies.
抑郁症是一种复杂且普遍存在的心理健康障碍，影响着全球数百万人。血清素作为一种关键的神经递质，在抑郁症的病理生理学中起着核心作用。本综述探讨了血清素在抑郁症中的多方面作用，重点关注其合成、生物利用度、受体相互作用以及饮食、压力和性别差异等各种因素的影响。通过检查血清素的合成和结构、生物利用度和饮食影响以及与压力和免疫反应的相互作用，本综述旨在全面了解血清素在抑郁症中的作用。此外，还研究了年龄、社会经济地位和性别对抑郁症的影响，并整合了来自动物研究的结果，以阐明血清素对情绪障碍和认知衰退的影响。使用 PubMed、Google Scholar 和 Embase 数据库进行文献综述。重点关注的领域包括血清素合成和受体相互作用、饮食对血清素生物利用度的影响，以及血清素、免疫反应和压力之间的关系。还研究了性别差异、年龄相关因素和社会经济因素对抑郁症的影响。研究按主题进行分类和分析，以提供一个连贯的概述。我们的综述强调了血清素合成涉及复杂的酶促过程，最近的结构研究揭示了复杂的受体相互作用。饮食因素对血清素水平有重大影响，干预措施可能会调节情绪障碍。压力和免疫反应与血清素动态有关，慢性压力会加剧情绪障碍并影响认知衰退。动物研究强调了血清素在情绪调节和认知功能中的作用，而人类研究揭示了年龄、性别和社会经济因素如何影响抑郁症。研究结果强调了需要采用多维方法来理解和治疗抑郁症。包括饮食、压力和免疫反应在内的各种因素都会影响血清素在情绪障碍中的作用。该综述提出了可能涉及饮食干预和压力管理的治疗途径。此外，性别特异性考虑因素以及年龄和社会经济地位对抑郁症结果的影响突显了制定针对性治疗策略的必要性。
