School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, Örebro, 701 82, Sweden.
Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro, Sweden.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Oct 10;24(1):2773. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-20217-1.
The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of self-reported hearing difficulties, vision difficulties and combined vision and hearing difficulties in a Swedish adult population that varies according to migration status, sex, age, disability measured by ADL and IADL and educational attainment level.
The study utilised data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, which consisted of 2257 individuals aged 60 and above that were interviewed in Sweden in the 2019/2020, SHARE wave 8. To determine the prevalence of sensory difficulties (hearing, vision and dual-sensory difficulties) among various subgroups of the population, a multinomial logistic regression was used. The results of these analyses are presented in terms of predicted probabilities.
The study findings indicate that foreign-born older adults experience a lower prevalence of visual difficulties (6.2% [3.3-11.5] in comparison to their Swedish-born counterparts. Moreover, older adults with higher levels of education tend to report a lower prevalence of sensory difficulties overall. Furthermore, sex differences are apparent, with males reporting a higher prevalence of hearing difficulties (18.9% [15.5-22.8] vs. 12.8% [10.7-15.3]) and females reporting a higher prevalence of vision difficulties (12.7% [10.7-15.1] vs. 8.5%[6.8-10.5]).
The findings highlight disparities in the prevalence and type of perceived sensory difficulties experienced by older adults, by factors such as age, sex, education and migration status. It is important to consider these demographic factors in healthcare planning and interventions aimed at mitigating sensory difficulties in the older population.
本研究旨在根据移民身份、性别、年龄、ADL 和 IADL 衡量的残疾程度以及教育程度，估计瑞典成年人群体中自我报告的听力困难、视力困难以及视力和听力合并困难的患病率。
本研究使用了欧洲健康、老龄化和退休调查的数据，该调查包括 2019/2020 年在瑞典接受采访的 2257 名 60 岁及以上的个体，SHARE 波 8。为了确定人口中各种亚组中感官困难（听力、视力和双重感官困难）的患病率，使用多项逻辑回归进行分析。这些分析的结果以预测概率表示。
研究结果表明，与瑞典出生的成年人相比，外国出生的老年人视觉困难的患病率较低（6.2%[3.3-11.5]）。此外，教育程度较高的老年人总体上报告感官困难的患病率较低。此外，性别差异明显，男性报告听力困难的患病率较高（18.9%[15.5-22.8]与 12.8%[10.7-15.3]相比），女性报告视力困难的患病率较高（12.7%[10.7-15.1]与 8.5%[6.8-10.5]相比）。
这些发现突出了老年人群体中感知到的感官困难的流行程度和类型存在差异，这些差异与年龄、性别、教育程度和移民身份等因素有关。在医疗保健规划和旨在减轻老年人群体感官困难的干预措施中，考虑这些人口统计学因素非常重要。
