Piacquadio Kamille A, Margolis Lee M, Gwin Jess A, Leidy Heather J
Department of Nutritional Sciences & Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.
Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States.
J Nutr. 2024 Dec;154(12):3585-3591. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.007. Epub 2024 Oct 10.
Increased dietary protein at breakfast promotes cardiometabolic health; however, whether these improvements occur at the molecular level is unknown.
The objective was to examine whether long-term consumption of breakfast, varying in protein quantity, alters the expression of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with cardiometabolic health in "breakfast-skipping" adolescents.
Thirty adolescents (age: 19 ± 1 y; body mass index: 25.4 ± 3 kg/m) completed a 6-mo tightly controlled breakfast trial in which participants consumed 350 kcal normal-protein (NP, 10 g protein) or higher-protein (HP, 30 g protein) breakfasts or continued to BS for 6 mo. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline (PRE) and 6 mo (POST) for assessment of 12 a priori circulating plasma miRNA expression levels (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction), glucose, insulin, IL-6, and C-reactive protein.
No main effects of group were observed for any miRNAs; however, a time-by-group interaction was detected for the expression of miR-126-3p (P = 0.05). HP breakfast tended to increase miR-126-3p expression throughout the study (POST-PRE, P = 0.09) leading to greater expression at POST compared with BS (P = 0.03), whereas NP breakfast did not. Additionally, several miRNAs predicted fasting concentrations of IL-6: miR-320a-3p, -146a-5p, -150-5p, -423-5p, -122-5p, glucose: miR-24-3p, -126-3p; insulin: miR-24-3p, -126-3p, -15b-5p; insulin sensitivity: miR-24-3p, -126-3p, -199a-5p, -15b-5p; and β-cell function: miR-15b-5p (R between 0.2 and 0.39; P < 0.05) from PRE and POST samples across groups.
These data support the daily consumption of a HP breakfast to promote cardiometabolic health, potentially through changes in miRNA expression, in a sensitive life-stage where early intervention strategies are critical to reduce the risk of adult-onset chronic disease.
NCT03146442.
早餐中增加蛋白质摄入量可促进心脏代谢健康；然而，这些改善是否发生在分子水平尚不清楚。
研究在“不吃早餐”的青少年中，长期食用蛋白质含量不同的早餐是否会改变与心脏代谢健康相关的循环微小RNA（miRNA）的表达。
30名青少年（年龄：19±1岁；体重指数：25.4±3kg/m²）完成了一项为期6个月的严格控制的早餐试验，参与者分别食用350千卡的正常蛋白质（NP，10克蛋白质）或高蛋白（HP，30克蛋白质）早餐，或连续6个月不吃早餐。在基线期（PRE）和6个月后（POST）采集空腹血样，以评估12种预先设定的循环血浆miRNA表达水平（实时定量聚合酶链反应）、血糖、胰岛素、白细胞介素-6和C反应蛋白。
未观察到任何miRNA有组间主效应；然而，检测到miR-126-3p表达存在时间×组间交互作用（P = 0.05）。在整个研究过程中，HP早餐倾向于增加miR-126-3p的表达（POST-PRE，P = 0.09），导致与不吃早餐相比，POST时表达更高（P = 0.03），而NP早餐则没有。此外，几种miRNA可预测白细胞介素-6的空腹浓度：miR-320a-3p、-146a-5p、-150-5p、-423-5p、-122-5p；血糖：miR-24-3p、-126-3p；胰岛素：miR-24-3p、-126-3p、-15b-5p；胰岛素敏感性：miR-24-3p、-126-3p、-199a-5p、-15b-5p；以及β细胞功能：miR-15b-5p（组间PRE和POST样本的R在0.2至0.39之间；P < 0.05）。
这些数据支持每日食用高蛋白早餐以促进心脏代谢健康，可能是通过miRNA表达的变化，在一个敏感的生命阶段，早期干预策略对于降低成年期慢性病风险至关重要。
NCT03146442。
