Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China.
Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Eye Clinic, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy.
Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2024 Sep-Oct;13(5):100109. doi: 10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100109. Epub 2024 Oct 10.
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major ocular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of blindness and visual impairment, particularly among adults of working-age adults. Although the medical and economic burden of DR is significant and its global prevalence is expected to increase, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, a large portion of vision loss caused by DR remains preventable through early detection and timely intervention. This perspective reviewed the latest developments in research and innovation in three areas, first novel biomarkers (including advanced imaging modalities, serum biomarkers, and artificial intelligence technology) to predict the incidence and progression of DR, second, screening and early detection of referable DR and vision-threatening DR (VTDR), and finally, novel therapeutic strategies for VTDR, including diabetic macular oedema (DME), with the goal of reducing diabetic blindness.
糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）是糖尿病的一种主要眼部并发症，也是导致失明和视力损害的主要原因，尤其在工作年龄段的成年人中更为常见。尽管 DR 的医疗和经济负担巨大，且其全球患病率预计会增加，特别是在低收入和中等收入国家，但通过早期发现和及时干预，仍可预防很大一部分由 DR 引起的视力丧失。本观点综述了在三个领域的研究和创新的最新进展，首先是预测 DR 发生和进展的新型生物标志物（包括先进的成像方式、血清生物标志物和人工智能技术），其次是 DR 和威胁视力的 DR（VTDR）的可转诊性筛查和早期检测，最后是 VTDR 的新型治疗策略，包括糖尿病性黄斑水肿（DME），旨在减少糖尿病性失明。
