纳米载体在血管系统中靶向药物递送的应用：聚焦于内皮细胞。

Endothelial cells (ECs) are pivotal in maintaining vascular health, regulating hemodynamics, and modulating inflammatory responses. Nanocarriers hold transformative potential for precise drug delivery within the vascular system, particularly targeting ECs for therapeutic purposes. However, the complex interactions between vascular ECs and nanocarriers present significant challenges for the development and clinical translation of nanotherapeutics. This review assesses recent advancements and key strategies in employing nanocarriers for drug delivery to vascular ECs. It suggested that through precise physicochemical design and surface modifications, nanocarriers can enhance targeting specificity and improve drug internalization efficiency in ECs. Additionally, we elaborated on the applications of nanocarriers specifically designed for targeting ECs in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, cancer metastasis, and inflammatory disorders. Despite these advancements, safety concerns, the complexity of in vivo processes, and the challenge of achieving subcellular drug delivery remain significant obstacles to the effective targeting of ECs with nanocarriers. A comprehensive understanding of endothelial cell biology and its interaction with nanocarriers is crucial for realizing the full potential of targeted drug delivery systems.

内皮细胞（ECs）在维持血管健康、调节血液动力学和调节炎症反应方面起着关键作用。纳米载体在血管系统内精确药物输送方面具有变革性的潜力，特别是针对 ECs 的治疗目的。然而，血管 ECs 和纳米载体之间的复杂相互作用给纳米治疗剂的开发和临床转化带来了重大挑战。

本综述评估了利用纳米载体将药物递送至血管 ECs 的最新进展和关键策略。通过精确的物理化学设计和表面修饰，纳米载体可以提高靶向特异性，并提高 ECs 中药物的内化效率。此外，我们还详细介绍了专门设计用于靶向 ECs 的纳米载体在治疗心血管疾病、癌症转移和炎症性疾病中的应用。

尽管取得了这些进展，但安全问题、体内过程的复杂性以及实现亚细胞药物输送的挑战仍然是纳米载体有效靶向 ECs 的重大障碍。

全面了解内皮细胞生物学及其与纳米载体的相互作用对于实现靶向药物输送系统的全部潜力至关重要。