Averyanova I V, Alyoshina O O
Scientific Research Center "Arktika", Fareastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 685000, Magadan, Russian Federation.
Vopr Pitan. 2024;93(4):31-38. doi: 10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-4-31-38. Epub 2024 Jul 15.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are known for being one of the most important classes of bioactive lipids; of them, the long-chain ones, namely eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, have many positive effects on the human body. of this study was to assess the carbohydrate metabolism in northern men living in the Magadan Region before and after the administration of a dietary supplement with PUFA. . The study included 45 men (mean age 40.0±0.8 years), of whom 2 groups comparable in age and analyzed parameters were formed by random sampling. The participants of the main group (n=30) consumed PUFA (2 capsules containing 1200 mg, including 660 mg EPA and 440 mg DHA), and the control group (n=15) had no impact on the diet. Fasting venous blood was collected using a vacuum system to determine glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) using the turbidimetric immunoinhibition, glucose by the hexokinase method, insulin by the immune chemiluminescence using paramagnetic particles at the beginning (late October, 2023) and the end (mid-December, 2023) of the study, and HOMA-IR index was calculated. The daily diet was assessed using the ASPON-nutrition program (St. Petersburg) based on the results of the food diary keeping for 3 days (weekdays). . In men of the main group, positive changes in the carbohydrate profile were noted, associated with the intake of ω-3 PUFAs, manifested in HbA1c decrease (from 5.5±0.1 to 5.2±0.1%, p<0.05) while maintaining blood concentration of glucose and insulin and HOMA-IR at the same level. Unlike the main group, the control group experienced disadaptation in their carbohydrate metabolism as they exhibited the signs of hyperinsulinemia (increased basal fasting insulin level from 8.8±1.2 to 11.4±1.1 mIU/l, p<0.05) and insulin resistance (the increase in the HOMA-IR from 2.0±0.2 to 2.6±0.3, p<0.05), which was apparently due to the autumn-winter period of the study. . Resulting from the data obtained, this study showed the presence of a leveling function and even an optimizing role of additional ω-3 PUFAs intake with respect to seasonal changes in the biochemical parameters of the northern residents during the crucial period of the year with its temperature curve transition through 0 °C.
ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）是最重要的生物活性脂质类别之一；其中，长链的二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）对人体有许多积极作用。本研究的目的是评估居住在马加丹地区的北方男性在服用含PUFA的膳食补充剂前后的碳水化合物代谢情况。该研究纳入了45名男性（平均年龄40.0±0.8岁），通过随机抽样形成了2组年龄和分析参数可比的人群。主要组（n=30）的参与者服用了PUFA（2粒胶囊，含1200毫克，包括660毫克EPA和440毫克DHA），对照组（n=15）的饮食未受影响。使用真空系统采集空腹静脉血，在研究开始时（2023年10月下旬）和结束时（2023年12月中旬），采用比浊免疫抑制法测定糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c），采用己糖激酶法测定血糖，采用顺磁颗粒免疫化学发光法测定胰岛素，并计算HOMA-IR指数。根据连续3天（工作日）的食物日记结果，使用ASPON营养程序（圣彼得堡）评估日常饮食。在主要组的男性中，注意到碳水化合物谱的积极变化，这与摄入ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸有关，表现为HbA1c降低（从5.5±0.1降至5.2±0.1%，p<0.05），同时血糖和胰岛素的血液浓度以及HOMA-IR维持在同一水平。与主要组不同，对照组的碳水化合物代谢出现适应不良，表现为高胰岛素血症（基础空腹胰岛素水平从8.8±1.2升高至11.4±1.1 mIU/l，p<0.05）和胰岛素抵抗（HOMA-IR从2.0±0.2升高至2.6±0.3，p<0.05），这显然是由于研究的秋冬季节。根据获得的数据，本研究表明，在一年中温度曲线经过0°C的关键时期，额外摄入ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸对北方居民生化参数的季节性变化具有平衡作用，甚至具有优化作用。
