Wang Linli, Han Hongbing
Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
Heliyon. 2024 Sep 27;10(19):e38588. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38588. eCollection 2024 Oct 15.
Since its advent, gene-editing technology has been widely used in microorganisms, animals, plants, and other species. This technology shows remarkable application prospects, giving rise to a new biotechnological industry. In particular, third-generation gene editing technology, represented by the CRISPR/Cas9 system, has become the mainstream gene editing technology owing to its advantages of high efficiency, simple operation, and low cost. These systems can be widely used because they have been modified and optimized, leading to notable improvements in the efficiency of gene editing. This review introduces the characteristics of popular CRISPR/Cas systems and optimization methods aimed at improving the editing efficiency of class 2 CRISPR/Cas systems, providing a reference for the development of superior gene editing systems. Additionally, the review discusses the development and optimization of base editors, primer editors, gene activation and repression tools, as well as the advancement and refinement of compact systems such as IscB, TnpB, Fanzor, and Cas12f.
自问世以来，基因编辑技术已在微生物、动物、植物及其他物种中得到广泛应用。该技术展现出显著的应用前景，催生出一个新的生物技术产业。特别是以CRISPR/Cas9系统为代表的第三代基因编辑技术，因其高效、操作简单、成本低等优势，已成为主流基因编辑技术。这些系统经过改造和优化，可广泛应用，基因编辑效率也有显著提高。本综述介绍了常用CRISPR/Cas系统的特点以及旨在提高2类CRISPR/Cas系统编辑效率的优化方法，为开发更优基因编辑系统提供参考。此外，本综述还讨论了碱基编辑器、引物编辑器、基因激活和抑制工具的发展与优化，以及IscB、TnpB、Fanzor和Cas12f等紧凑型系统的进展与完善。
