Montuori Paolo, Loperto Ilaria, Paolo Carmine, Castrianni Davide, Nubi Raffaele, De Rosa Elvira, Palladino Raffaele, Triassi Maria
Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2021 Nov 24;13(1):147. doi: 10.1186/s13102-021-00378-x.
Among athletes, bodybuilders are more predisposed to the use of dietary supplements (DS) and hormones (H) to increase in adaptations to physical training and performance. The purpose of the study was to identify social, psychological, and organisational factors that are associated with the use of food supplements and hormones in young bodybuilders of the metropolitan area of Naples.
107 athletes, practicing bodybuilding, were consecutively recruited in 30 gyms, randomly selected in the metropolitan area of Naples. Athletes were administered an anonymous questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 5 sections (socio-demographic, frequency and reasons for bodybuilding, knowledge, attitudes and behaviours). Descriptive statistics were performed using T-test and Chi-square statistics. A score was created for knowledge, attitudes, behaviours. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to assess association between each score and the use of DS and H. Statistical analyses were carried out using STATA 15.
81.31% of the subjects reported to use DS while 35.51% H. Females are less likely to practise bodybuilding frequently than males (OR 0.18 (95% CI 0.05-0.69), p = 0.01). Subjects who have attended high school or university have a lower probability of taking DS (OR 0.17 (95% CI 0.04-0.65), p = 0.01). H users also use supplements more frequently (OR 61.21 (95% CI 3.99-939.31), p < 0.001). Those who scored higher on knowledge scores are more likely to take DS (OR 1.53 (95% CI 1.11-2.12), p < 0.001). Attitudes are correlated with the use of DS; those who scored higher were less likely to use DS (OR 0.77 (95% CI 0.30-0.98), p = 0.03). People who use DS are 30 times more likely to use H at the same time (OR 30.25 (95% CI 2.51-365.24), p < 0.001). Subjects who have a higher score for knowledge and attitudes are less likely to use H (OR 0.68 (95% CI 0.54-0.87), p < 0.001, OR 0.75 (95% CI 0.62-0.90), p < 0.001).
Prevalence of H and DS' use, although lower than reported in the literature, is a worrying public health problem. Better knowledge can lead to an informed use. Gym instructors should be trained to provide accurate and scientifically sound information. Health professionals should combine their expertise to provide more comprehensive guidance to the exercisers.
在运动员中，健美运动员更倾向于使用膳食补充剂（DS）和激素（H），以增强对体育训练的适应能力并提高运动表现。本研究的目的是确定那不勒斯大都市区年轻健美运动员使用食品补充剂和激素的社会、心理和组织因素。
在那不勒斯大都市区随机选择的30家健身房中，连续招募了107名从事健美的运动员。对运动员进行了匿名问卷调查。问卷由5个部分组成（社会人口统计学、健美频率及原因、知识、态度和行为）。使用T检验和卡方统计进行描述性统计。为知识、态度、行为创建了一个分数。采用多变量逻辑回归模型评估每个分数与DS和H使用之间的关联。使用STATA 15进行统计分析。
81.31%的受试者报告使用DS，而35.51%的受试者使用H。女性比男性更不常进行健美运动（比值比0.18（95%置信区间0.05 - 0.69），p = 0.01）。上过高中或大学的受试者服用DS的可能性较低（比值比0.17（95%置信区间0.04 - 0.65），p = 0.01）。使用H的人也更频繁地使用补充剂（比值比61.21（95%置信区间3.99 - 939.31），p < 0.001）。知识得分较高的人更有可能服用DS（比值比1.53（95%置信区间1.11 - 2.12），p < 0.001）。态度与DS的使用相关；得分较高的人使用DS的可能性较小（比值比0.77（95%置信区间0.30 - 0.98），p = 0.03）。使用DS的人同时使用H的可能性高30倍（比值比30.25（95%置信区间2.51 - 365.24），p < 0.001）。知识和态度得分较高的受试者使用H的可能性较小（比值比0.68（95%置信区间0.54 - 0.87），p < 0.001，比值比0.75（95%置信区间0.62 - 0.90），p < 0.001）。
H和DS的使用 prevalence，虽然低于文献报道，但仍是一个令人担忧的公共卫生问题。更好的知识可以导致明智的使用。健身房教练应接受培训，以提供准确和科学合理的信息。健康专业人员应结合他们的专业知识，为锻炼者提供更全面的指导。
