Comparison of Red Blood Cell (RBC) Histogram and Indices on Peripheral Blood Smears for the Detection of Anemia: A Study Protocol.

Background Anemia is characterized by a lower red blood cell (RBC) count than the usual rate or the average count that should be found in the blood. It is described by the reduction in the concentration of hemoglobin, the number of RBCs, and the O2-carrying capacity of the blood. A complete blood count (CBC) gives serious information on changes in the size and shape of RBCs and an indication of inclusion bodies that will help exclude anemia. RBC indices suggest potential reasons for the anemia in a particular patient. Thus, RBC indices can give some clues about the possible cause of anemia in a given patient with the disease. It is also necessary to look at the peripheral blood smear (PBS) and RBC indices and histogram to evaluate anemia adequately. Method The primary complaints of volunteers, such as clinical anemia as well as essential family medical history, will be the criteria for selection. After that, the main procedures that will be performed are the PBS and CBC. The blood sample will be drawn while the individual sits securely and in an aseptic setting. An ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tube will be used to collect 2 ml of venous blood, which will then be gently mixed and processed on a five-part automated hematology analyzer (Coulter) for CBC test and PBS. Expected results The diagnostic capabilities of the PBS procedure are expected to match with RBC histograms and indices in the CBC report for the detection of anemia. Comparing both results with the PBS evaluated at the microscopic assessment, it is expected to likely provide a more precise and quantifiable result on RBC morphology and indices with greater accuracy for anemia detection in accordance with the PBS report. Implementing RBC histogram analysis in routine clinical practice is expected to enhance the diagnostic processes for anemia, leading to a more effective and timelier patient treatment. Conclusion These findings will suggest that applying RBC histograms and indices in CBC reports in supportive diagnosis with PBS analysis in the everyday clinical practice of hematology may improve the diagnoses and overall care of patients with anemia. Advanced research should confirm the efficacy of integrated approaches to increase diagnostic accuracy.