Rajurkar Vaishnavi, Chauhan Lokesh Singh
Pathology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND.
Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Sep 11;16(9):e69197. doi: 10.7759/cureus.69197. eCollection 2024 Sep.
Background Anemia is characterized by a lower red blood cell (RBC) count than the usual rate or the average count that should be found in the blood. It is described by the reduction in the concentration of hemoglobin, the number of RBCs, and the O2-carrying capacity of the blood. A complete blood count (CBC) gives serious information on changes in the size and shape of RBCs and an indication of inclusion bodies that will help exclude anemia. RBC indices suggest potential reasons for the anemia in a particular patient. Thus, RBC indices can give some clues about the possible cause of anemia in a given patient with the disease. It is also necessary to look at the peripheral blood smear (PBS) and RBC indices and histogram to evaluate anemia adequately. Method The primary complaints of volunteers, such as clinical anemia as well as essential family medical history, will be the criteria for selection. After that, the main procedures that will be performed are the PBS and CBC. The blood sample will be drawn while the individual sits securely and in an aseptic setting. An ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tube will be used to collect 2 ml of venous blood, which will then be gently mixed and processed on a five-part automated hematology analyzer (Coulter) for CBC test and PBS. Expected results The diagnostic capabilities of the PBS procedure are expected to match with RBC histograms and indices in the CBC report for the detection of anemia. Comparing both results with the PBS evaluated at the microscopic assessment, it is expected to likely provide a more precise and quantifiable result on RBC morphology and indices with greater accuracy for anemia detection in accordance with the PBS report. Implementing RBC histogram analysis in routine clinical practice is expected to enhance the diagnostic processes for anemia, leading to a more effective and timelier patient treatment. Conclusion These findings will suggest that applying RBC histograms and indices in CBC reports in supportive diagnosis with PBS analysis in the everyday clinical practice of hematology may improve the diagnoses and overall care of patients with anemia. Advanced research should confirm the efficacy of integrated approaches to increase diagnostic accuracy.
背景
贫血的特征是红细胞（RBC）计数低于正常速率或血液中应有的平均计数。它通过血红蛋白浓度、红细胞数量和血液的携氧能力降低来描述。全血细胞计数（CBC）提供有关红细胞大小和形状变化的重要信息以及有助于排除贫血的包涵体迹象。红细胞指数提示特定患者贫血的潜在原因。因此，红细胞指数可为患有该疾病的特定患者贫血的可能原因提供一些线索。充分评估贫血还需要查看外周血涂片（PBS）、红细胞指数和直方图。
方法
志愿者的主要诉求，如临床贫血以及家族病史，将作为选择标准。之后，主要进行的操作是外周血涂片和全血细胞计数。采血时个体应安稳就坐且处于无菌环境。将使用乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）管采集2毫升静脉血，然后轻轻混合并在五分类自动血液分析仪（库尔特）上进行全血细胞计数检测和外周血涂片分析。
预期结果
外周血涂片检查的诊断能力预计与全血细胞计数报告中的红细胞直方图和指数相匹配，以检测贫血。将这两个结果与显微镜评估的外周血涂片结果进行比较，预计可能会根据外周血涂片报告在红细胞形态和指数方面提供更精确和可量化的结果，从而更准确地检测贫血。在常规临床实践中应用红细胞直方图分析有望加强贫血的诊断过程，从而实现对患者更有效、更及时的治疗。
结论
这些发现表明，在血液学日常临床实践中，将红细胞直方图和指数应用于全血细胞计数报告并结合外周血涂片分析进行辅助诊断，可能会改善贫血患者的诊断和整体护理。进一步的研究应证实综合方法提高诊断准确性的有效性。
