Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (Qingyuan People's Hospital), Qingyuan, Guangdong, China.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.
Front Immunol. 2024 Sep 27;15:1437821. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1437821. eCollection 2024.
Atherosclerosis serves as the primary catalyst for numerous cardiovascular diseases. Growing evidence suggests that the immune response is involved in every stage of atherosclerotic plaque evolution. Rapid, but not specific, innate immune arms, including neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs) and other innate immune cells, as well as pattern-recognition receptors and various inflammatory mediators, contribute to atherogenesis. The specific adaptive immune response, governed by T cells and B cells, antibodies, and immunomodulatory cytokines potently regulates disease activity and progression. In the inflammatory microenvironment, the heterogeneity of leukocyte subpopulations plays a very important regulatory role in plaque evolution. With advances in experimental techniques, the fine mechanisms of immune system involvement in atherosclerotic plaque evolution are becoming known. In this review, we examine the critical immune responses involved in atherosclerotic plaque evolution, in particular, looking at atherosclerosis from the perspective of evolutionary immunobiology. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between plaque evolution and plaque immunity provides clues for strategically combating atherosclerosis.
动脉粥样硬化是许多心血管疾病的主要诱因。越来越多的证据表明，免疫反应参与了动脉粥样硬化斑块演变的每个阶段。快速但非特异性的先天免疫包括中性粒细胞、单核细胞/巨噬细胞、树突状细胞 (DC) 和其他先天免疫细胞，以及模式识别受体和各种炎症介质，有助于动脉粥样硬化的发生。由 T 细胞和 B 细胞、抗体和免疫调节细胞因子控制的特定适应性免疫反应强烈调节疾病的活动和进展。在炎症微环境中，白细胞亚群的异质性在斑块演变中起着非常重要的调节作用。随着实验技术的进步，免疫系统参与动脉粥样硬化斑块演变的精细机制逐渐被揭示。在这篇综述中，我们研究了与动脉粥样硬化斑块演变相关的关键免疫反应，特别是从进化免疫生物学的角度来看待动脉粥样硬化。全面了解斑块演变与斑块免疫之间的相互作用为有策略地对抗动脉粥样硬化提供了线索。
