Xiao Yao, Wu Ling, Wang Baoan, Zhang Manyu, Pan Qi, Xian Linfeng, Sheng Jing, Yan Mengbo, Jin Jingxian, Zhang Rui, Zhang Jing, Zeng Qiulin, Li Tianzhong, Li Wei
Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China.
Mol Breed. 2024 Oct 10;44(10):71. doi: 10.1007/s11032-024-01509-1. eCollection 2024 Oct.
Crispness stands as a pivotal criterion in assessing apple texture, widely cherished by consumers. Yet, owing to its multifaceted nature, crispness remains a formidable challenge in artificial enhancement efforts. To expedite the early and precise evaluation of apple crispness, this study centered on a hybrid population derived from 'Fuji' and 'Pink Lady' cultivars, showcasing segregating crispness traits. We conducted measurements of flesh water content, cellular anatomical morphology, and employed a texture analyzer to assess mechanical properties of the offspring flesh. Integrating these three dimensions, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of quantitative characteristics of apple crispness, juxtaposed with sensory evaluation. Utilizing BSA-seq technology, we scrutinized extreme phenotypic individuals, revealing QTL loci intricately linked to the aforementioned dimensions, and subsequently developed Key Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers. These markers underwent validation in hybrid populations of 'Hanfu' x 'Pink Lady' and 'Hanfu' x 'Honey Crisp'. Our findings underscored significant correlations between mechanical properties, water content, and cell size with crispness. Higher mechanical properties and water content, alongside smaller cell size, correlated with firmer flesh texture; moderate mechanical properties, and elevated water content and cell size, with crisper texture; whereas lower mechanical properties, water content, and cell size implied softer flesh.The study yielded KASP markers effectively reflecting flesh mechanical properties (SNP_24399345), water content (SNP_8667563), and cell size (SNP_15566229). Comprehensive analysis of these markers identified CC-CC-TT as an effective identifier of soft flesh individuals; while GG-TC-TT and GG-CC-TT combinations better represented individuals with harder flesh. The Crunchy subclass could be discerned by combinations of GG-TC-TC, GG-TC-CC, GG-TT-TC, and GG-TT-CC. These findings furnish effective molecular markers for the genetic enhancement of apple crispness, bearing significant implications for the cultivation of novel apple varieties.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-024-01509-1.
脆度是评估苹果质地的关键标准，深受消费者喜爱。然而，由于其多方面的性质，在人工增强脆度的努力中，脆度仍然是一个巨大的挑战。为了加快对苹果脆度的早期精确评估，本研究聚焦于由“富士”和“粉红女士”品种杂交产生的群体，该群体展现出脆度性状的分离。我们测量了果肉含水量、细胞解剖形态，并使用质地分析仪评估后代果肉的机械性能。整合这三个维度，我们对苹果脆度的定量特征进行了综合分析，并与感官评价进行了对比。利用BSA-seq技术，我们对极端表型个体进行了筛选，揭示了与上述维度密切相关的QTL位点，随后开发了关键等位基因特异性PCR（KASP）标记。这些标记在“寒富”ד粉红女士”和“寒富”ד蜜脆”的杂交群体中进行了验证。我们的研究结果强调了机械性能、含水量和细胞大小与脆度之间的显著相关性。较高的机械性能和含水量，以及较小的细胞大小，与更紧实的果肉质地相关；中等的机械性能、较高的含水量和细胞大小，与更脆的质地相关；而较低的机械性能、含水量和细胞大小则意味着果肉更软。该研究产生了能有效反映果肉机械性能（SNP_24399345）、含水量（SNP_8667563）和细胞大小（SNP_15566229）的KASP标记。对这些标记的综合分析确定CC-CC-TT是软果肉个体的有效标识符；而GG-TC-TT和GG-CC-TT组合更能代表果肉较硬的个体。脆度亚类可以通过GG-TC-TC、GG-TC-CC、GG-TT-TC和GG-TT-CC组合来区分。这些发现为苹果脆度的遗传改良提供了有效的分子标记，对新型苹果品种的培育具有重要意义。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s11032-024-01509-1获取的补充材料。
