School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China.
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
Chem Soc Rev. 2024 Nov 12;53(22):10878-10899. doi: 10.1039/d4cs00046c.
Autocatalysis, a self-sustained replication process where at least one of the products functions as a catalyst, plays a pivotal role in life's evolution, from genome duplication to the emergence of autocatalytic subnetworks in cell division and metabolism. Leveraging their programmability, controllability, and rich functionalities, DNA molecules have become a cornerstone for engineering autocatalytic circuits, driving diverse technological applications. In this tutorial review, we offer a comprehensive survey of recent advances in engineering autocatalytic DNA circuits and their practical implementations. We delve into the fundamental principles underlying the construction of these circuits, highlighting their reliance on DNAzyme biocatalysis, enzymatic catalysis, and dynamic hybridization assembly. The discussed autocatalytic DNA circuitry techniques have revolutionized ultrasensitive sensing of biologically significant molecules, encompassing genomic DNAs, RNAs, viruses, and proteins. Furthermore, the amplicons produced by these circuits serve as building blocks for higher-order DNA nanostructures, facilitating biomimetic behaviors such as high-performance intracellular bioimaging and precise algorithmic assembly. We summarize these applications and extensively address the current challenges, potential solutions, and future trajectories of autocatalytic DNA circuits. This review promises novel insights into the advancement and practical utilization of autocatalytic DNA circuits across bioanalysis, biomedicine, and biomimetics.
自催化是一种自我维持的复制过程，其中至少有一种产物充当催化剂，在生命进化中起着关键作用，从基因组复制到细胞分裂和代谢中自催化子网的出现。利用 DNA 分子的可编程性、可控性和丰富的功能，它们已成为工程自催化电路的基石，推动了各种技术应用。在本教程综述中，我们全面调查了工程自催化 DNA 电路及其实际应用的最新进展。我们深入探讨了构建这些电路的基本原理，强调了它们对 DNA 酶生物催化、酶催化和动态杂交组装的依赖。所讨论的自催化 DNA 电路技术已经彻底改变了对生物相关分子的超灵敏传感，包括基因组 DNA、RNA、病毒和蛋白质。此外，这些电路产生的扩增子可用作构建高级 DNA 纳米结构的构建块，促进仿生行为，如高性能细胞内生物成像和精确的算法组装。我们总结了这些应用，并广泛讨论了自催化 DNA 电路在生物分析、生物医学和仿生学中的当前挑战、潜在解决方案和未来发展方向。本综述有望为自催化 DNA 电路在生物分析、生物医学和仿生学中的发展和实际应用提供新的见解。
