Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;1463:195-200. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-67458-7_33.
Endothelial dysfunction featuring insufficient endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and accompanying nitric oxide (NO) deficiency is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Restoring endothelial NO represents a promising approach to treating cerebrovascular diseases, including stroke. Low-power near-infrared (NIR) light shows diverse beneficial effects, broadly defined as photobiomodulation (PBM). The literature reports that PBM increases bioavailable NO. These lines of evidence indicate that PBM could be used to treat cerebrovascular diseases. Recent investigations revealed that PBM improved stroke outcomes in animal models via augmenting NO signalling and other pathways. However, clinical trials of PBM using NIR light in the NIR-I window (630-900 nm) have yet to demonstrate the beneficial effect of PBM on ischaemic stroke. Since NIR light in the NIR-II window (1000-1700 nm) with the largest penetration depth into tissues compared to NIR I has also been reported to augment NO bioavailability and cerebral blood flow ameliorating stroke injury, PBM using NIR-II light may be suitable for therapeutic use. This new non-pharmacological modality using a physical parameter of NIR-II laser could provide a new avenue for therapeutic strategies for cerebrovascular diseases. Since impaired NO production has been associated with neurological abnormalities, this novel therapeutic approach could be broadly explored to treat various disease conditions such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease. This review summarises recent findings on PBM in treating stroke and discusses its potential to treat other neurological diseases.
内皮功能障碍表现为内皮型一氧化氮合酶 (eNOS) 不足和伴随的一氧化氮 (NO) 缺乏，与心血管疾病的发病机制有关。恢复内皮 NO 代表了治疗脑血管疾病（包括中风）的一种有前途的方法。低功率近红外 (NIR) 光显示出多种有益的影响，广义上定义为光生物调节 (PBM)。文献报道 PBM 增加了生物可用的 NO。这些证据表明 PBM 可用于治疗脑血管疾病。最近的研究表明，PBM 通过增强 NO 信号通路和其他途径来改善动物模型中的中风结局。然而，使用 NIR-I 窗口（630-900nm）中的近红外光进行的 PBM 临床试验尚未证明 PBM 对缺血性中风有益。由于与 NIR-I 相比，NIR-II 窗口（1000-1700nm）中的近红外光具有最大的组织穿透深度，也被报道可以增加 NO 的生物利用度和改善脑血流，从而减轻中风损伤，因此使用 NIR-II 光的 PBM 可能适合治疗用途。这种使用 NIR-II 激光物理参数的新型非药物治疗方法可为治疗脑血管疾病的治疗策略提供新途径。由于 NO 产生受损与神经功能异常有关，因此可以广泛探索这种新的治疗方法来治疗各种疾病状况，例如创伤性脑损伤、中风和阿尔茨海默病。这篇综述总结了最近关于 PBM 治疗中风的研究结果，并讨论了其治疗其他神经疾病的潜力。
