School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University Medical School, 1088 Xueyuan Ave, Shenzhen, 518015, China.
Longgang Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, 518172, China.
Stem Cell Res Ther. 2024 Oct 14;15(1):365. doi: 10.1186/s13287-024-03936-5.
Dental and maxillofacial diseases are always accompanied by complicated hard and soft tissue defects, involving bone, teeth, blood vessels and nerves, which are difficult to repair and severely affect the life quality of patients. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by all types of cells and extracted from body fluids have gained more attention as potential solutions for tissue regeneration due to their special physiological characteristics and intrinsic signaling molecules. Compared to stem cells, EVs present lower immunogenicity and tumorigenicity, cause fewer ethical problems, and have higher stability. Thus, EV therapy may have a broad clinical application in regenerative dentistry. Herein, we reviewed the currently available literature regarding the functional roles of EVs in oral and maxillofacial tissue regeneration, including in maxilla and mandible bone, periodontal tissues, temporomandibular joint cartilage, dental hard tissues, peripheral nerves and soft tissues. We also summarized the underlying mechanisms of actions of EVs and their delivery strategies for dental tissue regeneration. This review would provide helpful guidelines and valuable insights into the emerging potential of EVs in future research and clinical applications in regenerative dentistry.
口腔颌面部疾病常伴有复杂的软硬组织缺损，涉及骨、牙、血管和神经，难以修复，严重影响患者的生活质量。最近，从体液中提取的各种细胞分泌的细胞外囊泡（EVs）因其特殊的生理特性和内在信号分子而备受关注，有望成为组织再生的潜在解决方案。与干细胞相比，EVs 的免疫原性和致瘤性较低，引发的伦理问题较少，且稳定性更高。因此，EV 治疗可能在再生牙科中有广泛的临床应用。本文综述了目前关于 EV 在口腔颌面部组织再生中的功能作用的文献，包括上颌骨和下颌骨、牙周组织、颞下颌关节软骨、牙硬组织、周围神经和软组织。还总结了 EV 作用的潜在机制及其在牙组织再生中的传递策略。该综述为 EV 在再生牙科领域的未来研究和临床应用提供了有价值的指导和见解。
