Lesko Lubos, Jungova Petra, Culenova Martina, Thurzo Andrej, Danisovic Lubos
Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Department of Orthodontics, Regenerative and Forensic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Dvořákovo nábrežie 4, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia.
J Funct Biomater. 2025 Feb 24;16(3):80. doi: 10.3390/jfb16030080.
Polymer-based scaffolds have emerged as transformative materials in regenerative dentistry, enabling the restoration and replacement of dental tissues through tissue engineering approaches. These scaffolds, derived from natural and synthetic polymers, mimic the extracellular matrix to promote cellular attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. Natural polymers such as collagen, chitosan, and alginate offer biocompatibility and bioactivity, while synthetic alternatives like polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) provide tunable mechanical properties and degradation rates. Recent advancements highlight the integration of bioactive molecules and nanotechnology to enhance the regenerative potential of these materials. Furthermore, developing hybrid scaffolds combining natural and synthetic polymers addresses biocompatibility and mechanical strength challenges, paving the way for patient-specific treatments. Innovations in 3D bioprinting and stimuli-responsive biomaterials are expected to refine scaffold design further, improving therapeutic precision and clinical outcomes. This review underscores the critical role of polymer-based scaffolds in advancing regenerative dentistry, focusing on their applications, advantages, and limitations.
基于聚合物的支架已成为再生牙科领域具有变革性的材料，能够通过组织工程方法修复和替换牙齿组织。这些支架由天然和合成聚合物制成，模仿细胞外基质以促进细胞附着、增殖和分化。胶原蛋白、壳聚糖和藻酸盐等天然聚合物具有生物相容性和生物活性，而聚乳酸（PLA）和聚己内酯（PCL）等合成聚合物则提供了可调节的机械性能和降解速率。最近的进展突出了生物活性分子和纳米技术的整合，以增强这些材料的再生潜力。此外，开发结合天然和合成聚合物的混合支架解决了生物相容性和机械强度方面的挑战，为个性化治疗铺平了道路。预计3D生物打印和刺激响应性生物材料方面的创新将进一步优化支架设计，提高治疗精度和临床效果。本综述强调了基于聚合物的支架在推进再生牙科方面的关键作用，重点关注其应用、优点和局限性。
