Global Immunization Division, Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET) Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2024 Oct 14;24(1):1232. doi: 10.1186/s12913-024-11645-1.
In 2022, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention collaborated with implementing partners, African Field Epidemiology Network and Sydani Group, to support COVID-19 vaccination efforts in Nigeria. To characterize the costs of COVID-19 vaccination, this study evaluated financial costs per dose for activities implemented to support the intensification campaign for COVID-19 vaccination.
This retrospective evaluation collected secondary data from existing expenditure and programmatic records on resource utilization to roll out COVID-19 vaccination during 2022. The study included incremental financial costs of the activities implemented to support an intensification campaign for COVID-19 vaccination across nine states and six administrative levels in Nigeria from the perspective of the external donor (U.S. Government). Costs for vaccines and injection supplies, transport of vaccines, and any economic costs, including government in-kind contributions, were not included. All costs were converted from Nigerian Naira to 2022 U.S. Dollars (US$).
The estimated financial delivery cost of the COVID-19 vaccination intensification campaign was US$0.84 per dose (total expenditure of US$6.29 million to administer 7,461,971 doses). Most of the financial resources were used for fieldwork activities (86%), followed by monitoring and supervision activities (8%), coordination activities (5%), and training-related activities (1%). Labor (58%) and travel (37%) were the resource inputs that accounted for the majority of the cost, while shares of other resource inputs were marginal (1% for each). Most labor costs (79%) were spent on payments for mass vaccination campaign teams, including pay-for-performance incentives. By administrative level, the largest share of costs (46%) was for pay-for-performance incentives at the community, health facility, or campus levels combined, followed by local government area level (24%), community level only (15%), state level (9%), national level (3%), campus level only (1%), and health facility level only (< 1%).
Findings from the evaluation can help to inform resources needed for vaccination activities to respond to future outbreaks and pandemics in resource-limited settings, particularly to reach new target populations not regularly included in routine childhood immunization delivery.
2022 年，美国疾病控制与预防中心与实施伙伴非洲实地流行病学网络和 Sydani 集团合作，支持尼日利亚的 COVID-19 疫苗接种工作。为了描述 COVID-19 疫苗接种的成本，本研究评估了为支持 COVID-19 疫苗接种强化运动而开展的各项活动的每剂成本。
本回顾性评估从现有支出和方案记录中收集了资源利用数据，以了解 2022 年在尼日利亚九个州和六个行政级别开展 COVID-19 疫苗接种的情况。该研究从外部捐助者（美国政府）的角度考虑了支持 COVID-19 疫苗接种强化运动的各项活动的增量资金成本。不包括疫苗和注射用品、疫苗运输以及任何经济成本，包括政府实物捐助。所有成本均从尼日利亚奈拉换算为 2022 年美元（US$）。
COVID-19 疫苗接种强化运动的估计财务交付成本为每剂 0.84 美元（接种 7461971 剂的总支出为 629 万美元）。大部分财政资源用于实地工作活动（86%），其次是监测和监督活动（8%）、协调活动（5%）和培训相关活动（1%）。劳动力（58%）和差旅（37%）是占成本大部分的资源投入，而其他资源投入的份额很小（各占 1%）。大部分劳动力成本（79%）用于支付大规模疫苗接种运动团队的薪酬，包括绩效奖金。按行政级别划分，成本最大份额（46%）来自社区、卫生机构或校园各级的绩效奖金，其次是地方政府区（24%）、社区一级（15%）、州一级（9%）、国家一级（3%）、校园一级（仅 1%）和卫生机构一级（<1%）。
评估结果可有助于为应对资源有限环境下未来的暴发和大流行所需的疫苗接种活动提供信息，特别是为定期未纳入常规儿童免疫接种的新目标人群提供疫苗接种。
