Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam.
ThinkWell, Geneva, Switzerland.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2024 Jul 8;24(1):779. doi: 10.1186/s12913-024-11202-w.
The COVID-19 pandemic affected hundreds of millions of people and lives, and vaccination was the safest and most effective strategy to prevent and mitigate the burden of this disease. The implementation of COVID-19 vaccination in Vietnam in 2021 was unprecedentedly challenging in scale and complexity, yet economic evidence on the cost of delivery vaccines thought the program was lacking.
This retrospective costing study utilized a bottom-up, ingredient-based approach to estimate the cost of delivering COVID-19 vaccines in Vietnam in 2021, from a payer perspective. The study included 38 study sites across all administrative and implementation level, including three geographic areas and two delivery strategies, in two provinces, Hanoi and Dak Lak. The study findings were complemented with qualitative interviews with health staff and stakeholders.
The economic cost to deliver one COVID-19 vaccine dose was $1.73, mostly comprised of opportunity costs ($1.14 per dose) which were driven by labor costs ($1.12 per dose). The delivery cost in urban areas was the highest ($2.02), followed by peri-urban areas ($1.45) and remote areas ($1.37). Delivery costs were higher at temporary sites ($1.78) when compared to facility-based delivery ($1.63). Comparing low-volume and high-volume periods showed that the delivery cost decreased significantly as volume increased, from $5.24 per dose to $1.65 per dose.
The study estimates the cost of delivering COVID-19 vaccines in Vietnam in 2021. Enabling factors and challenges during the implementation of the program were explored. Study limitations may lead to underestimation of results and reduce generalizability.
COVID-19 大流行影响了数亿人的生命，接种疫苗是预防和减轻该疾病负担的最安全、最有效的策略。2021 年越南实施 COVID-19 疫苗接种在规模和复杂性方面是前所未有的，然而，该计划的疫苗交付经济成本证据却缺乏。
本回顾性成本研究采用自下而上、基于成分的方法，从支付者的角度估计 2021 年越南 COVID-19 疫苗接种的成本。该研究包括来自所有行政和实施层面的 38 个研究地点，包括三个地理区域和两种接种策略，在两个省份，河内和达克拉克。研究结果通过与卫生工作人员和利益相关者的定性访谈进行了补充。
每接种一剂 COVID-19 疫苗的经济成本为 1.73 美元，主要由机会成本（每剂 1.14 美元）构成，这主要是由劳动力成本（每剂 1.12 美元）驱动的。城市地区的接种成本最高（2.02 美元），其次是城市周边地区（1.45 美元）和偏远地区（1.37 美元）。与基于设施的接种相比，临时接种点的接种成本更高（1.78 美元）（1.63 美元）。比较低容量和高容量期表明，随着容量的增加，接种成本显著下降，从每剂 5.24 美元降至每剂 1.65 美元。
本研究估计了 2021 年越南 COVID-19 疫苗接种的成本。探讨了该计划实施过程中的促进因素和挑战。研究限制可能导致结果低估，降低了通用性。
