Shiono P H, Klebanoff M A, Graubard B I, Berendes H W, Rhoads G G
JAMA. 1986 Jan 3;255(1):48-52.
Differences in mean birth weight and low birth weight (less than 2.5 kg) are analyzed among Asians, blacks, Hispanics, and whites who were enrolled in the Northern California Kaiser-Permanente Birth Defects Study, a prospective study of 29,415 pregnancy outcomes. Large differences in birth weight among babies of different ethnic groups persist after controlling for the joint effects of maternal smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy, sex of child, parity, length of prenatal care, and maternal weight-for-height percentile. Compared with whites, the relative mean differences in birth weight are estimated as -246 g for blacks, -210 g for Asians, -105 g for Hispanics, and -140 g for others. The low-birth-weight rates and crude odds ratios are 7.70% (2.17) for blacks; 5.57% (1.57) for Asians; 5.52% (1.55) for others; 4.00% (1.13) for Hispanics; and 3.55% (1.00) for whites. After controlling for the effects of 22 factors, the odds ratios for a low-birth-weight infant are 2.41 for blacks, 1.37 for Asians, 1.93 for others, and 1.25 for Hispanics. It is concluded that factors currently used to control for ethnic differences in birth weight are insufficient to explain the observed differences.
在北加利福尼亚凯撒-永久医疗集团出生缺陷研究中，对亚洲人、黑人、西班牙裔和白人的平均出生体重和低出生体重（低于2.5千克）差异进行了分析。该研究是一项对29415例妊娠结局的前瞻性研究。在控制了孕期母亲吸烟和饮酒的共同影响、孩子性别、产次、产前护理时长以及母亲身高体重百分位数之后，不同种族婴儿的出生体重仍存在很大差异。与白人相比，黑人出生体重的相对平均差异估计为-246克，亚洲人为-210克，西班牙裔为-105克，其他人为-140克。黑人的低出生体重率和粗比值比分别为7.70%（2.17）；亚洲人为5.57%（1.57）；其他人为5.52%（1.55）；西班牙裔为4.00%（1.13）；白人为3.55%（1.00）。在控制了22个因素的影响后，黑人低出生体重婴儿的比值比为2.41，亚洲人为1.37，其他人为1.93，西班牙裔为1.25。研究得出结论，目前用于控制出生体重种族差异的因素不足以解释所观察到的差异。
