Shiono P H, Klebanoff M A, Rhoads G G
JAMA. 1986 Jan 3;255(1):82-4.
The effects of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption on the length of gestation were examined in a prospective study of 30,596 pregnant women in northern California. Preterm births (less than 37 weeks' gestation) were 20% more common in women smoking at least one pack of cigarettes per day. This effect was strongest for births occurring before 33 weeks, where the excess was 60%. This excess was not accounted for by differences in maternal age, education, ethnicity, time prenatal care began, drinking during pregnancy, or eight other potential confounding factors. The results indicate a probable effect of smoking on the time of parturition, which is additional to its well-known effect on intrauterine growth retardation. The effect of alcohol consumption on preterm births was also examined, but no consistent trends were found.
在对北加利福尼亚州30596名孕妇进行的一项前瞻性研究中，研究了吸烟和饮酒对妊娠期长短的影响。每天至少吸一包烟的女性早产（妊娠少于37周）的发生率要高出20%。这种影响在妊娠33周前出生的婴儿中最为明显，早产率高出60%。这种差异无法用产妇年龄、教育程度、种族、开始产前护理的时间、孕期饮酒或其他八个潜在混杂因素的差异来解释。结果表明，吸烟可能对分娩时间有影响，这是除了其对胎儿宫内生长迟缓的众所周知的影响之外的又一影响。研究人员还研究了饮酒对早产的影响，但未发现一致的趋势。
