Sunaiwi Rosidah, Gaur Ruchi, Azhar Abdul Razab Mohammad Khairul, Hadzuan Fara Hana, Nawi Norazlina Mat, Abdul Aziz Mohd Zahri, Noor An'amt Mohamed, Syahirah Shari Nur Atiqah, Kari Zulhisyam Abdul, Guru Ajay, Kallem Parashuram
Medical Radiation Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
Heliyon. 2024 Sep 28;10(19):e38682. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38682. eCollection 2024 Oct 15.
Patients undergoing high-dose radioiodine ablation (RAI) therapy in Nuclear Medicine Department need to be isolated in a special designed ward for a few days. Large amount of clinical radioactive wastewater from patient body is produced during high-activity RAI therapy. The radioactive wastewater needs to store in a delay tank until the radioactivity decayed below acceptable limit before being discharged and indirectly limit the patient admission and treatment. This study is to propose an alternative antibacterial adsorbent for I-131 extraction from clinical radioactive wastewater at the nuclear medicine department using graphene oxide silver (GOAg) and bamboo activated carbon (BAC). The synthesised adsorbents and their sediments (filtered sample) were analysed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) for morphological analysis and analysed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). XPS spectra for C 1s adsorbents show intensity peaks at 284.45 eV (C=C) and 285.3 eV (C-C) for GOAg and its sediments, and 284.35 eV (C-C), 287.00 eV (C=O), and 290.07 eV (π-π∗ transitions) for BAC and its sediments. FTIR spectra reveal various functional groups of adsorbents: C=C (1637.50772 cm), C=O (1340.48041 cm), and C-O-C (1031.88060 cm) for GOAg and its sediments, and C=C (1635.57897 cm), C-C (1257.54421 cm), and C-O (1188.10925 cm) for BAC and its sediments. XRD patterns exhibit peaks at 2θ = 27.82°, 29.39°, 32.24°, and 46.22°, which can be attributed to the (002) diffraction plane, (220) crystallographic plane, (111) plane of AgO, and (200) crystallographic plane, respectively, for GOAg and its sediments. Meanwhile, the peaks at 2θ = 26.56° and 42.41°, which correspond to (002) and (100) planes, respectively, for BAC and its sediments. The d-spacing and the crystallinity index of each adsorbent were also determined. The estimation of the remaining β particles during the adsorption of I-131 was carried out using PHITS. The finding of this study is beneficial for alternative radionuclide extractions technique from clinical radioactive wastewater in nuclear medicine.
在核医学科接受高剂量放射性碘消融（RAI）治疗的患者需要在专门设计的病房中隔离几天。在高活性RAI治疗期间，会产生大量来自患者身体的临床放射性废水。放射性废水需要储存在延迟罐中，直到放射性衰变至可接受的限度以下才能排放，这间接限制了患者的收治和治疗。本研究旨在提出一种替代抗菌吸附剂，用于使用氧化石墨烯银（GOAg）和竹活性炭（BAC）从核医学科的临床放射性废水中提取碘-131。使用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）对合成的吸附剂及其沉积物（过滤后的样品）进行形态分析，并使用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和X射线衍射（XRD）进行分析。GOAg及其沉积物的C 1s吸附剂的XPS光谱在284.45 eV（C=C）和285.3 eV（C-C）处显示强度峰，而BAC及其沉积物在284.35 eV（C-C）、287.00 eV（C=O）和290.07 eV（π-π∗跃迁）处显示强度峰。FTIR光谱揭示了吸附剂的各种官能团：GOAg及其沉积物的C=C（1637.50772 cm）、C=O（1340.48041 cm）和C-O-C（1031.88060 cm），以及BAC及其沉积物的C=C（1635.57897 cm）、C-C（1257.54421 cm）和C-O（1188.10925 cm）。XRD图谱在2θ = 27.82°、29.39°、32.24°和46.22°处出现峰，分别可归因于GOAg及其沉积物的（002）衍射面、（220）晶面、AgO的（111）面和（200）晶面。同时，BAC及其沉积物在2θ = 26.56°和42.41°处的峰分别对应于（002）和（100）面。还测定了每种吸附剂的d间距和结晶度指数。使用PHITS对碘-131吸附过程中剩余的β粒子进行了估算。本研究的结果有利于核医学临床放射性废水中替代放射性核素提取技术的研究。
