Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,
King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Cell Physiol Biochem. 2024 Oct 13;58(5):571-583. doi: 10.33594/000000732.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or atherosclerosis is a chronic condition that is incurable and a leading contributor to morbidity and mortality. However, it is easy to prevent ASCVD by managing or preventing risk factors like hyperlipidemia, obesity/overweight, hypertension, and diabetes. This systematic review summarizes and presents current evidence on whether physical exercise could help in reducing ASCVD risk factors.
A comprehensive search was performed on PubMed, CINAHAL, ProQuest and Google Scholar. The sources were assessed based on their peer-review status, description of methods, unavailability of full texts, publication date (less than seven years), and publication in the English Language. The final search results constituted 19 peer-reviewed articles.
Physical exercise is effective in improving the lipid profile, reducing waist circumference, reducing blood pressure, and lowering blood glucose levels. All types of physical exercise with intensity varying from low to high yield positive outcomes, although there is no consensus on whether the physical exercise program should be implemented for three months or less or on a long-term basis.
Physical exercise prevents and improves the management of hyperlipidemia, obesity/overweight, hypertension, and diabetes, which makes it a good intervention for reducing the risk of ASCVD. However, further studies should be performed to determine the duration within which the intervention should be sustained for optimal results.
背景/目的：动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（ASCVD）或动脉粥样硬化是一种无法治愈的慢性疾病，是发病率和死亡率的主要原因。然而，通过管理或预防高血脂、肥胖/超重、高血压和糖尿病等危险因素，很容易预防 ASCVD。本系统综述总结并呈现了关于体育锻炼是否有助于降低 ASCVD 危险因素的现有证据。
在 PubMed、CINAHAL、ProQuest 和 Google Scholar 上进行了全面检索。根据同行评审状态、方法描述、全文不可用、出版日期（少于七年）和英语出版情况对来源进行了评估。最终的搜索结果包括 19 篇同行评议的文章。
体育锻炼可有效改善血脂谱、减少腰围、降低血压和降低血糖水平。从低强度到高强度的所有类型的体育锻炼都能产生积极的结果，尽管对于锻炼计划应该持续三个月或更短时间还是长期实施，尚无共识。
体育锻炼可预防和改善高血脂、肥胖/超重、高血压和糖尿病的管理，因此是降低 ASCVD 风险的良好干预措施。然而，应进一步研究确定干预应持续多长时间才能获得最佳效果。
