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运动联合不同饮食干预对心血管健康的影响:一项系统评价和网状Meta分析

Effects of exercise combined with different dietary interventions on cardiovascular health a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

作者信息

Hei Yang, Xie Yongchao

机构信息

Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.

Centre for Sport Nutrition and Health, Centre for Nutritional Ecology, School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.

出版信息

BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2025 Mar 26;25(1):222. doi: 10.1186/s12872-025-04666-z.

DOI:10.1186/s12872-025-04666-z
PMID:40140787
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11938602/
Abstract

BACKGROUND

Numerous studies have shown that exercise and dietary interventions positively impact CVD outcomes; however, there is substantial variability in the efficacy of different interventions. The absence of direct comparisons between multiple interventions complicates the determination of their relative effects. This study aims to synthesize the literature on the impacts of exercise, dietary, and combined interventions on cardiovascular health indicators, and to perform a network meta-analysis to rank the efficacy of these approaches, providing a theoretical foundation for selecting optimal intervention strategies.

METHODS

We systematically reviewed the literature from database inception through September 2024, searching PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Data were aggregated and analyzed using network meta-analysis, with intervention efficacy ranked according to Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking (SUCRA) curves.

RESULTS

The efficacy of these interventions was ranked as follows: 1). Triglycerides (TG) Reduction: CR + EX > CR > 5/2F + EX > TRF + EX > KD > 5/2F > KD + EX > EX > CON > TRF. 2). Total Cholesterol (TC) Reduction: CR + EX > CR > 5/2F + EX > 5/2F > TRF + EX > EX > CON > KD > TRF > KD + EX. 3). High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Increase: 5/2F > KD > KD + EX > TRF + EX > CON > EX > TRF > 5/2F + EX > CR + EX > CR. 4). Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Reduction: CR + EX > CR > TRF + EX > KD + EX > EX > KD > 5/2F > CON > 5/2F + EX > TRF. 5). Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) Reduction: 5/2F > CR + EX > CR > EX > TRF > TRF + EX > CON > 5/2F + EX. 6). Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) Reduction: CR > CR + EX > TRF > 5/2F > TRF + EX > EX > CON > 5/2F + EX.

CONCLUSION

CR and CR + EX demonstrated the most positive effects on cardiovascular health indicators. In contrast, 5/2F + EX ranked relatively low in effectiveness, with its impact on several indicators being even lower than that of CON.

摘要

背景

大量研究表明,运动和饮食干预对心血管疾病(CVD)结局有积极影响;然而,不同干预措施的效果存在很大差异。多种干预措施之间缺乏直接比较使得确定它们的相对效果变得复杂。本研究旨在综合关于运动、饮食及联合干预对心血管健康指标影响的文献,并进行网络荟萃分析以对这些方法的效果进行排名,为选择最佳干预策略提供理论基础。

方法

我们系统回顾了从数据库建立至2024年9月的文献,检索了PubMed、科学网、Embase和考克兰图书馆。使用网络荟萃分析对数据进行汇总和分析,根据累积排名曲线下面积(SUCRA)对干预效果进行排名。

结果

这些干预措施的效果排名如下:1). 甘油三酯(TG)降低:极低热量饮食(CR)+运动(EX)>极低热量饮食(CR)>5:2间歇性禁食(5/2F)+运动(EX)>限热量饮食(TRF)+运动(EX)>生酮饮食(KD)>5:2间歇性禁食(5/2F)>生酮饮食(KD)+运动(EX)>运动(EX)>对照组(CON)>限热量饮食(TRF)。2). 总胆固醇(TC)降低:极低热量饮食(CR)+运动(EX)>极低热量饮食(CR)>5:2间歇性禁食(5/2F)+运动(EX)>5:2间歇性禁食(5/2F)>限热量饮食(TRF)+运动(EX)>运动(EX)>对照组(CON)>生酮饮食(KD)>限热量饮食(TRF)>生酮饮食(KD)+运动(EX)。3). 高密度脂蛋白(HDL)升高:5:2间歇性禁食(5/2F)>生酮饮食(KD)>生酮饮食(KD)+运动(EX)>限热量饮食(TRF)+运动(EX)>对照组(CON)>运动(EX)>限热量饮食(TRF)>5:2间歇性禁食(5/2F)+运动(EX)>极低热量饮食(CR)+运动(EX)>极低热量饮食(CR)。4). 低密度脂蛋白(LDL)降低:极低热量饮食(CR)+运动(EX)>极低热量饮食(CR)>限热量饮食(TRF)+运动(EX)>生酮饮食(KD)+运动(EX)>运动(EX)>生酮饮食(KD)>5:2间歇性禁食(5/2F)>对照组(CON)>5:2间歇性禁食(5/2F)+运动(EX)>限热量饮食(TRF)。5). 收缩压(SBP)降低:5:2间歇性禁食(5/2F)>极低热量饮食(CR)+运动(EX)>极低热量饮食(CR)>运动(EX)>限热量饮食(TRF)>限热量饮食(TRF)+运动(EX)>对照组(CON)>5:2间歇性禁食(5/2F)+运动(EX)。6). 舒张压(DBP)降低:极低热量饮食(CR)>极低热量饮食(CR)+运动(EX)>限热量饮食(TRF)>5:2间歇性禁食(5/2F)>限热量饮食(TRF)+运动(EX)>运动(EX)>对照组(CON)>5:2间歇性禁食(5/2F)+运动(EX)。

结论

极低热量饮食(CR)和极低热量饮食(CR)+运动(EX)对心血管健康指标显示出最积极的影响。相比之下,5:2间歇性禁食(5/2F)+运动(EX)的效果排名相对较低,其对几个指标的影响甚至低于对照组(CON)。

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