Shining a light on the impact of antifungals on subcellular dynamics through fluorescence imaging.

Fluorescent proteins (FPs) are indispensable tools used for molecular imaging, single-cell dynamics, imaging in infection models, and more. However, next-generation FPs have yet to be characterized in . Here, we characterize 18 FPs in the pathogenic filamentous fungus spanning the visible light spectrum. We report on FP brightness in hyphal and spore morphotypes and show how a fluoropyrimidine-based selection system can be used to iteratively introduce four distinct FPs enabling the simultaneous visualization of the cell membrane, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and vacuoles. Using this strain, we describe and compare the dynamic responses of organelles to stresses induced by voriconazole, amphotericin B, and the novel antifungal drugs olorofim and manogepix. The expansion to the fluorescent genetic toolbox will overcome boundaries in research applications that involve fluorescence imaging in filamentous fungi.