Compagno Samuele, Casadio Chiara, Galvani Linda, Rosellini Matteo, Marchetti Andrea, Tassinari Elisa, Piazza Pietro, Mottaran Angelo, Santoni Matteo, Schiavina Riccardo, Massari Francesco, Mollica Veronica
Medical Oncology, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
J Clin Med. 2024 Sep 26;13(19):5738. doi: 10.3390/jcm13195738.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have become the cornerstone of treatment in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), for both metastatic disease and in an adjuvant setting. However, an adaptive resistance from cancer cells may arise during ICI treatment, therefore many studies are focusing on additional immune checkpoint inhibitor pathways. Promising targets of immunotherapeutic agents under investigation include T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), immunoglobulin-like transcript 4 (ILT4), lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), vaccines, T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3), and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. In this review of the literature, we recollect the current knowledge of the novel treatment strategies in the field of immunotherapy that are being investigated in RCC and analyze their mechanism of action, their activity and the clinical studies that are currently underway.
免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）已成为肾细胞癌（RCC）治疗的基石，无论是转移性疾病还是辅助治疗。然而，在ICI治疗期间癌细胞可能会产生适应性耐药，因此许多研究都集中在其他免疫检查点抑制剂途径上。正在研究的免疫治疗药物的有前景的靶点包括T细胞免疫球蛋白和ITIM结构域（TIGIT）、免疫球蛋白样转录本4（ILT4）、淋巴细胞激活基因3（LAG-3）、疫苗、含T细胞免疫球蛋白和粘蛋白结构域蛋白3（TIM-3）以及嵌合抗原受体（CAR）T细胞。在这篇文献综述中，我们回顾了RCC免疫治疗领域正在研究的新型治疗策略的当前知识，并分析了它们的作用机制、活性以及目前正在进行的临床研究。
