Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus (NCRC), Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus (NCRC), Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
Nutrients. 2024 Sep 26;16(19):3250. doi: 10.3390/nu16193250.
This study examined the effect of a 4-week unsweetened cranberry beverage (CRAN) (317 mg polyphenols) versus placebo beverage (PLAC) ingestion (240 mL/day) on moderating exercise-induced changes in innate immunity.
Participants included 25 male and female non-elite cyclists. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover design was used with two 4-week supplementation periods and a 2-week washout period. Supplementation periods were followed by an intensive 2.25 h cycling bout. Six blood samples were collected before and after supplementation (in an overnight fasted state) and at 0 h, 1.5 h, 3 h, and 24 h post-exercise. Stool and urine samples were collected pre- and post-supplementation. Outcome measures included serum creatine kinase, myoglobin, and cortisol, complete blood counts, plasma untargeted proteomics, plasma-targeted oxylipins, untargeted urine metabolomics, and stool microbiome composition via whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing.
Urine CRAN-linked metabolites increased significantly after supplementation, but no trial differences in alpha or beta microbiota diversity were found in the stool samples. The 2.25 h cycling bout caused significant increases in plasma arachidonic acid (ARA) and 53 oxylipins (FDR q-value < 0.05). The patterns of increase for ARA, four oxylipins generated from ARA-cytochrome P-450 (CYP) (5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-diHETrEs), two oxylipins from linoleic acid (LA) and CYP (9,10-DiHOME, 12,13-DiHOME), and two oxylipins generated from LA and lipoxygenase (LOX) (9-HODE, 13-HODE) were slightly but significantly higher for the CRAN versus PLAC trial (all interaction effects, < 0.05). The untargeted proteomics analysis showed that two protein clusters differed significantly between the CRAN and PLAC trials, with CRAN-related elevations in proteins related to innate immune activation and reduced levels of proteins related to the regulation of the complement cascade, platelet activation, and binding and uptake of ligands by scavenger receptors. No trial differences were found for cortisol and muscle damage biomarkers.
CRAN versus PLAC juice resulted in a significant increase in CRAN-related metabolites but no differences in the gut microbiome. CRAN supplementation was associated with a transient and modest but significant post-exercise elevation in selected oxylipins and proteins associated with the innate immune system.
本研究旨在探讨饮用 4 周（每天 240 毫升）未加糖蔓越莓饮料（CRAN）（含 317 毫克多酚）与安慰剂饮料（PLAC）对运动诱导的固有免疫变化的调节作用。
参与者包括 25 名男性和女性非精英自行车运动员。采用随机、安慰剂对照、双盲交叉设计，进行为期 4 周的补充期和为期 2 周的洗脱期。补充期后进行 2.25 小时的剧烈自行车运动。在补充前后（禁食过夜状态）以及运动后 0 小时、1.5 小时、3 小时和 24 小时采集 6 份血样。在补充前后采集粪便和尿液样本。结果测量包括血清肌酸激酶、肌红蛋白和皮质醇、全血细胞计数、血浆靶向代谢组学、血浆靶向氧化脂、非靶向尿液代谢组学以及通过全基因组鸟枪法（WGS）测序的粪便微生物组组成。
补充后尿液中 CRAN 相关代谢物显著增加，但粪便样本中未发现 alpha 或 beta 微生物多样性的试验差异。2.25 小时的自行车运动导致血浆花生四烯酸（ARA）和 53 种氧化脂（FDR q 值<0.05）显著增加。ARA、4 种由 ARA-细胞色素 P-450（CYP）（5,6-、8,9-、11,12-和 14,15-二 HETrE）生成的氧化脂、2 种由亚油酸（LA）和 CYP（9,10-二 HOMe、12,13-二 HOMe）生成的氧化脂以及 2 种由 LA 和脂氧合酶（LOX）（9-HODE、13-HODE）生成的氧化脂的增加模式在 CRAN 与 PLAC 试验中略高但具有显著性差异（所有交互效应，<0.05）。非靶向蛋白质组学分析表明，CRAN 与 PLAC 试验之间有两个蛋白质簇存在显著差异，CRAN 相关的固有免疫激活相关蛋白水平升高，而补体级联调节、血小板激活以及清道夫受体结合和摄取配体相关蛋白水平降低。皮质醇和肌肉损伤生物标志物无试验差异。
CRAN 与 PLAC 果汁相比，CRAN 相关代谢物显著增加，但肠道微生物组无差异。CRAN 补充与运动后特定氧化脂和与固有免疫系统相关的蛋白质的短暂、适度但显著升高有关。
