Nucci Ricardo Aparecido Baptista, Filho Victor Abou Nehmi, Jacob-Filho Wilson, Otoch José Pinhata, Pessoa Ana Flávia Marçal
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil,
Laboratory of Medical Research in Aging (LIM-66), Division of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Cell Physiol Biochem. 2023 May 14;57(3):161-168. doi: 10.33594/000000628.
Sarcopenia is a progressive skeletal muscle disorder associated with aging, resulting in loss of muscle mass and function. It has been linked to inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, hormonal changes (i.e. alterations in the levels or activity of hormones which can occur due to a variety of factors, including aging, stress, disease, medication, and environmental factors), and impaired muscle satellite cell activation. The gut microbiome is also essential for muscle health, and supplements such as probiotics, prebiotics, protein, creatine, and betaalanine can support muscle growth and function while also promoting gut health. Chronic low-grade inflammation is a leading cause of sarcopenia, which can activate signaling pathways that lead to muscle wasting and reduce muscle protein synthesis. Insulin resistance, hormonal changes, and impaired muscle satellite cell activation contribute to sarcopenia, and high levels of fat mass also play a role in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. Resistance exercise and dietary supplementation have been shown to be effective treatments for sarcopenia. In addition, a combination of resistance exercise and supplementation has been shown to have a more significant beneficial effect on anthropometric and muscle function parameters, leading to a decrease in sarcopenic state. Thus, understanding the relationship between the gut microbiome and muscle metabolism is crucial for developing new treatments for sarcopenia across age groups.
肌肉减少症是一种与衰老相关的进行性骨骼肌疾病，会导致肌肉质量和功能丧失。它与炎症、氧化应激、胰岛素抵抗、激素变化（即由于包括衰老、压力、疾病、药物和环境因素在内的多种因素而可能发生的激素水平或活性改变）以及肌肉卫星细胞激活受损有关。肠道微生物群对肌肉健康也至关重要，益生菌、益生元、蛋白质、肌酸和β-丙氨酸等补充剂可以支持肌肉生长和功能，同时促进肠道健康。慢性低度炎症是肌肉减少症的主要原因，它可以激活导致肌肉萎缩的信号通路并减少肌肉蛋白质合成。胰岛素抵抗、激素变化和肌肉卫星细胞激活受损会导致肌肉减少症，高水平的脂肪量在肌肉减少症的发病机制中也起作用。抗阻运动和膳食补充已被证明是治疗肌肉减少症的有效方法。此外，抗阻运动和补充剂的组合已被证明对人体测量和肌肉功能参数有更显著的有益影响，从而导致肌肉减少症状态的降低。因此，了解肠道微生物群与肌肉代谢之间的关系对于开发针对各年龄段肌肉减少症的新治疗方法至关重要。
