Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
Department of Immunobiology and Environmental Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
Nutrients. 2024 Sep 30;16(19):3331. doi: 10.3390/nu16193331.
Myopia (also known as nearsightedness), a prevalent refractive error, occurs when parallel rays of light converge in front of the retina, resulting in blurry distance vision. Recently, there has been a marked rise in myopia among the global population. The absence of effective methods of controlling the progression of this visual defect prompts the search for new preventive and therapeutic options. The impact of diet and lifestyle on the progression of myopia is still not fully understood. Therefore, our aim was to examine how these factors might affect the advancement of myopia, based on the existing literature. This manuscript was prepared through an extensive literature review conducted from June 2022 to September 2024. We searched for pertinent research articles using reputable databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. We included all types of publications, with a special focus on the newest ones. Despite far-reaching examination, the relationship between these factors and myopia control remains inconclusive with varying degrees of evidence supporting their roles. However, promoting a healthy lifestyle, particularly increasing physical activity and outdoor time, is essential. Additionally, emerging research suggests that maintaining a balanced diet is important due to the potential impact of certain nutrients on myopia development. Ophthalmologists should also guide parents on the alternative correction methods beyond single vision glasses, especially for rapidly progressing cases. With the rising prevalence of myopia in children, further research is necessary.
近视（也称为远视）是一种常见的屈光不正，当平行光线在视网膜前汇聚时，就会导致远处视力模糊。最近，全球近视人口显著增加。由于缺乏控制这种视觉缺陷进展的有效方法，促使人们寻求新的预防和治疗选择。饮食和生活方式对近视进展的影响仍不完全清楚。因此，我们的目的是根据现有文献，研究这些因素如何影响近视的进展。 本文是通过 2022 年 6 月至 2024 年 9 月进行的广泛文献综述编写的。我们使用包括 PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science 在内的知名数据库搜索相关研究文章。我们包括了所有类型的出版物，特别关注最新的出版物。 尽管进行了广泛的检查，但这些因素与近视控制之间的关系仍不确定，支持它们作用的证据程度也不同。 然而，促进健康的生活方式，特别是增加体育活动和户外活动时间是至关重要的。此外，新兴研究表明，由于某些营养素可能对近视发展产生影响，因此保持均衡的饮食也很重要。眼科医生还应指导家长了解除单光眼镜以外的其他矫正方法，特别是对于近视进展迅速的情况。随着儿童近视患病率的上升，还需要进一步的研究。
