Department of Dental Public Health and Dental Informatics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46203, USA.
Health Department, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City 01376, Mexico.
Nutrients. 2024 Oct 8;16(19):3404. doi: 10.3390/nu16193404.
Abundant information exists on fluoride intake and excretion in populations exposed to fluoridated water, but not fluoridated salt, where fluoride is eaten through a combination of foods and beverages. This study assessed associations between dietary patterns, fluoride intake and excretion in Mexican women exposed to fluoridated salt. We estimated dietary fluoride intake and excretion (mg/day) from 31 women using 24-h recalls (ASA24) and 24-h urine collections (HDMS diffusion method) and assessed agreement among both estimates of exposure with a Bland-Altman plot. Dietary patterns among the sample were explored by Principal Component Analysis and associations between these patterns and both fluoride intake and excretion were estimated. using Quantile Regressions. Median dietary fluoride intake and excretion were 0.95 and 0.90 mg/day, respectively, with better agreement at values below 1.5 mg/day. We identified three dietary patterns: "Urban Convenience", "Plant-based" and "Egg-based". The "Urban Convenience" pattern, characterized by dairy and convenience foods was associated with an increase of 0.25 mg and 0.34 mg of F in the 25th and 50th percentiles of intake respectively, ( < 0.01), and a marginal 0.22 mg decrease in urinary fluoride ( = 0.06). In conclusion, in this sample of Mexican women, a dietary pattern rich in dairy and convenience foods, was associated with both fluoride intake and excretion.
大量信息存在于摄入和排泄氟在人群暴露于氟化水，但不是加氟盐，其中氟是通过食物和饮料的组合来食用。本研究评估了在摄入加氟盐的墨西哥妇女中，饮食模式、氟摄入量和排泄量之间的关系。我们使用 24 小时回顾法（ASA24）和 24 小时尿液收集法（HDMS 扩散法），对 31 名女性的膳食氟摄入量和排泄量（mg/天）进行了估计，并通过 Bland-Altman 图评估了两种暴露估计值之间的一致性。通过主成分分析对样本中的饮食模式进行了探索，并使用分位数回归估计了这些模式与氟摄入量和排泄量之间的关系。膳食氟摄入量和排泄量的中位数分别为 0.95 和 0.90 mg/天，在低于 1.5 mg/天的值上具有更好的一致性。我们确定了三种饮食模式：“城市便利”、“植物性”和“蛋类”。“城市便利”模式的特点是乳制品和方便食品，与摄入第 25 和第 50 百分位数的氟分别增加 0.25 和 0.34 mg 有关（<0.01），尿液中氟的排泄量略有减少 0.22 mg（=0.06）。总之，在本研究中，富含乳制品和方便食品的饮食模式与氟的摄入量和排泄量均有关。
