Salazar-González Claudia, Mendoza Ramos Carolina, Martínez-Correa Hugo A, Lobatón García Hugo Fabián
Tecnología en Gestión Gastronómica, Universitaria Agustiniana, Bogotá 110831, Colombia.
Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla 72570, Mexico.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Oct 3;13(19):2770. doi: 10.3390/plants13192770.
() is known for its rich content of natural compounds like phycocyanin, chlorophylls, carotenoids, and high protein levels, making it a nutrient-dense food. Over the past decade, research has aimed to optimize the extraction, separation, and purification of these valuable metabolites, focusing on technologies such as high-pressure processing, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction as well as enzymatic treatments, chromatographic precipitation, and membrane separation. In this study, various extraction methods (conventional vs. ultrasound-assisted), solvents (water vs. phosphate buffer), solvent-to-biomass ratios (1:5 vs. 1:10), and ultrafiltration (PES membrane of MWCO 3 kDa, 2 bar) were evaluated. The quantities of total protein, phycocyanin (PC), chlorophyll a (Cla), and total carotenoids (TCC) were measured. The results showed that ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with phosphate buffer at a 1:10 ratio yielded a metabolite-rich retentate (MRR) with 37.0 ± 1.9 mg/g of PC, 617 ± 15 mg/g of protein, 0.4 ± 0.2 mg/g of Cla, and 0.15 ± 0.14 mg/g of TCC. Water extraction in the concentration process achieved the highest concentrations in MRR, with approximately 76% PC, 92% total protein, 62% Cla, and 41% TCC. These findings highlight the effective extraction and concentration processes to obtain a metabolite-rich retentate from biomass, reducing the volume tenfold and showing potential as a functional ingredient for the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
（某物质）以其富含藻蓝蛋白、叶绿素、类胡萝卜素等天然化合物以及高蛋白含量而闻名，使其成为一种营养丰富的食物。在过去十年中，研究旨在优化这些有价值代谢物的提取、分离和纯化，重点关注高压处理、超声辅助提取、微波辅助提取等技术以及酶处理、色谱沉淀和膜分离。在本研究中，评估了各种提取方法（传统法与超声辅助法）、溶剂（水与磷酸盐缓冲液）、溶剂与生物质比例（1:5与1:10）以及超滤（截留分子量3 kDa、压力2 bar的聚醚砜膜）。测定了总蛋白、藻蓝蛋白（PC）、叶绿素a（Cla）和总类胡萝卜素（TCC）的含量。结果表明，以1:10的比例用磷酸盐缓冲液进行超声辅助提取（UAE）得到了富含代谢物的截留物（MRR），其中PC含量为37.0±1.9 mg/g、蛋白质含量为617±15 mg/g、Cla含量为0.4±0.2 mg/g、TCC含量为0.15±0.14 mg/g。浓缩过程中的水提取在MRR中达到了最高浓度，PC约为76%、总蛋白为92%、Cla为62%、TCC为41%。这些发现突出了从生物质中获得富含代谢物截留物的有效提取和浓缩过程，将体积减少了十倍，并显示出作为食品、化妆品和制药行业功能成分的潜力。
