Padaigaitė-Gulbinienė Eglė, Hammerton Gemma, Powell Victoria, Rice Frances, Collishaw Stephan
Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences Cardiff University Cardiff UK.
Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics School of Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff UK.
JCPP Adv. 2024 May 18;4(3):e12240. doi: 10.1002/jcv2.12240. eCollection 2024 Sep.
Several protective factors have been identified for mental health (MH) resilience in adolescent offspring of depressed parents. However, it is unclear if these effects persist into adulthood.
Depressed parents and their offspring ( = 188) from the Early Prediction of Adolescent Depression study were assessed four times (mean offspring ages 12.39, 13.77, 14.82, and 23.41). Mental health resilience was examined using residual scores (better-than-expected mood-, behaviour-, or anxiety-related MH at mean age 23 given risk exposure), and categorically as sustained good MH across adolescence and young adulthood.
Only 9.2% of young adults demonstrated sustained good MH. Parents of resilient individuals showed lower comorbidity (anxiety, antisocial behaviour and harmful drinking) and higher depression remission. Considering adolescent protective factors, weak evidence was observed of associations of mood-resilience with adolescent peer-relationship quality ( = -0.20, 95%CI:-0.36, -0.04); friendship quality ( = -0.14, 95%CI:-0.31, 0.02); risk adjustment ( = -0.16, 95%CI:-0.34, 0.03) and dysfunctional attitudes ( = 0.18, 95%CI:0.01, 0.35). There was weak evidence of behavioural-resilience association with parent positive expressed emotion ( = -0.15, 95%CI:-0.31, 0.02) and offspring exercise ( = -0.37, 95%CI:-0.77, 0.03). No adolescent protective factors showed an association with anxiety-resilience. For sustained good MH, there was weak evidence of an association with inhibitory control (OR = 0.39, 95%CI:0.14, 1.07). Strong evidence was observed for associations between young adult-reported peer relationship quality and mood-resilience ( = -0.35, 95%CI:-0.53, -0.17), behavioural-resilience ( = -0.33, 95%CI:-0.51, -0.14) and anxiety-resilience ( = -0.34, 95%CI:-0.53, -0.14), while weak evidence was observed of an association of social activities with anxiety-resilience ( = -0.51, 95%CI:-0.97, -0.06).
We found limited evidence for the long-lasting effects of adolescent protective factors on adult MH resilience. Social factors remained protective into young adulthood, while family factors did not. Early preventative intervention might not be sufficient to maintain good long-term MH, and young people will likely require more prolonged support.
已确定了抑郁父母的青少年后代心理健康（MH）恢复力的若干保护因素。然而，这些影响是否会持续到成年尚不清楚。
对青少年抑郁症早期预测研究中的抑郁父母及其后代（n = 188）进行了四次评估（后代平均年龄分别为12.39、13.77、14.82和23.41岁）。使用残差分数（在平均年龄23岁且有风险暴露的情况下，情绪、行为或焦虑相关的心理健康状况优于预期）来检查心理健康恢复力，并将其分类为在整个青春期和青年期持续保持良好的心理健康。
只有9.2%的年轻人表现出持续良好的心理健康。恢复力强的个体的父母共病情况（焦虑、反社会行为和有害饮酒）较低，抑郁缓解率较高。考虑青少年保护因素，情绪恢复力与青少年同伴关系质量（r = -0.20，95%CI：-0.36，-0.04）、友谊质量（r = -0.14，95%CI：-0.31，0.02）、风险调整（r = -0.16，95%CI：-0.34，0.03）和功能失调态度（r = 0.18，95%CI：0.01，0.35）之间的关联证据较弱。行为恢复力与父母积极表达的情感（r = -0.15，95%CI：-0.31，0.02）和后代运动（r = -0.37，95%CI：-0.77，0.03）之间的关联证据较弱。没有青少年保护因素显示与焦虑恢复力有关联。对于持续良好的心理健康，与抑制控制之间存在关联的证据较弱（OR = 0.39，95%CI：0.14，1.07）。有强有力的证据表明，青年报告的同伴关系质量与情绪恢复力（r = -0.35，95%CI：-0.53，-0.17）、行为恢复力（r = -0.33，95%CI：-0.51，-0.14）和焦虑恢复力（r = -0.34，95%CI：-0.53，-0.14）之间存在关联，而社交活动与焦虑恢复力之间存在关联的证据较弱（r = -0.51，95%CI：-0.97，-0.06）。
我们发现青少年保护因素对成人MH恢复力的长期影响的证据有限。社会因素在青年期仍然具有保护作用，而家庭因素则不然。早期预防性干预可能不足以维持长期良好的心理健康，年轻人可能需要更长时间的支持。
