Nordström Moa, Zetterberg Madeleine, Torén Kjell, Schiöler Linus, Holm Mathias
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Mölndal, Sweden.
Acta Ophthalmol. 2025 Feb;103(1):77-84. doi: 10.1111/aos.16770. Epub 2024 Oct 18.
To examine the prevalence of self-reported cataract and cataract surgery, and the incidence of cataract surgery, in relation to smoking and use of the moist smokeless tobacco product snus.
In 2014/2015, individuals born in 1951 (n = 18 055) in the Västra Götaland County, Sweden, were invited to participate. Of these, 9743 (54%) accepted participation and 9316 (52%) remained after exclusion criteria were applied. Participants answered a questionnaire with items about eye conditions, smoking, snus, gender, education, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, corticosteroid use, diabetes mellitus, weight and height. Prevalence ratios (PRs) for self-reported cataract and cataract surgery were calculated. The incidence of cataract surgery was assessed, and hazard ratios (HRs) were presented.
Having ever smoked was associated with a higher prevalence ratio of self-reported cataract (PR 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.35) and cataract surgery (PR 1.27, 95% CI 1.06-1.53), compared to those who had never been daily smokers. Currently, a smoker was associated with a higher HR of cataract surgery (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.04-1.74), as well as having been a former smoker (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.03-1.56). Total years of smoking were associated with an increased risk for cataract surgery (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02-1.08 for 5 years of smoking). Snus use was not associated with an increased prevalence of cataract or incidence of cataract surgery, except among women who were current snus users (HR for cataract surgery 2.04, 95% CI 1.16-3.60 n = 108).
Smoking is associated with a higher prevalence of cataracts, and a higher incidence of cataract surgery, indicating a dose-response relationship. However, there was no firm association between snus use and cataract.
研究自我报告的白内障及白内障手术的患病率，以及白内障手术的发病率与吸烟及使用湿无烟烟草产品口含烟之间的关系。
2014/2015年，邀请了瑞典西约塔兰省1951年出生的个体（n = 18055）参与研究。其中，9743人（54%）接受邀请参与，在应用排除标准后，9316人（52%）符合条件。参与者回答了一份关于眼部状况、吸烟、口含烟、性别、教育程度、哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、皮质类固醇使用、糖尿病、体重和身高的问卷。计算自我报告的白内障及白内障手术的患病率比（PRs）。评估白内障手术的发病率，并给出风险比（HRs）。
与从未每日吸烟的人相比，曾经吸烟与自我报告的白内障患病率比更高（PR 1.19，95%置信区间[CI] 1.04 - 1.35）以及白内障手术患病率比更高（PR 1.27，95% CI 1.06 - 1.53）相关。目前，吸烟者与白内障手术的风险比更高（HR 1.34，95% CI 1.04 - 1.74）相关，曾经吸烟者也是如此（HR 1.27，95% CI 1.03 - 1.56）。吸烟总年数与白内障手术风险增加相关（吸烟5年的HR 1.05，95% CI 1.02 - 1.08）。除了当前使用口含烟的女性（白内障手术的HR 2.04，95% CI 1.16 - 3.60，n = 108）外，使用口含烟与白内障患病率增加或白内障手术发病率增加无关。
吸烟与白内障患病率较高以及白内障手术发病率较高相关，表明存在剂量反应关系。然而，使用口含烟与白内障之间没有确凿的关联。
