Dimina Laurianne Jolata, Leray Vincent, Voute Marion, David Jérémie, Blavignac Christelle, Farges Marie-Chantal, Rossary Adrien, Tsikas Dimitrios, Rémond Didier, Pickering Gisèle, Mariotti François
Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Palaiseau, France.
Platform of Clinical Investigation Department, INSERM CIC 1405, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
J Nutr. 2024 Dec;154(12):3664-3680. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.018. Epub 2024 Oct 16.
Postprandial vascular endothelial dysfunction is an early marker of atherosclerosis. Meal protein has been reported to reduce endothelial dysfunction in adults, and the effect could be mediated by the amino acid content.
This trial aims to assess the effect of a specifically designed plant-protein blend that contains high leucine, arginine, and cysteine on postprandial endothelial function in the elderly.
In a randomized, double-blind, 3-period crossover (2-wk washout), controlled trial, we compared the vascular effects of 3 high-saturated-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) meals containing either our specific plant-protein blend, or milk protein, or without added protein. The trial was conducted on 29 healthy adults aged >65 y presenting ≥2 cardiometabolic risk factors. Postprandial vascular function was evaluated at fasting, 3 h, and 5 h postprandially, using brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD), hand microvascular reactivity (using Flowmetry Laser Doppler, FLD), and finger reactive hyperemia index (using Peripheral Arterial Tonometry, RHI). Immune cell count and gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were also assessed postprandially. Data were analyzed using mixed linear models with repeated measurements on participants for meal composition and time of sampling. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04923555.
FMD incremental AUC value decreased after meals (time effect P < 0.01), with no significant differences between meals. RHI also decreased with time (P < 0.01). PBMC count and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1), IL-1β, and IL-6 expression increased after meals showing postprandial endothelial activation (P < 0.05). Overall, meal composition had no effect on any of the postprandial changes (Ps>0.10).
In healthy adults aged >65 y presenting cardiometabolic risk, adding protein to an HFHS challenge meal does not mitigate postprandial impairments in vascular endothelial function and inflammatory activation. Further studies are needed to explore the potential differences with younger adults.
餐后血管内皮功能障碍是动脉粥样硬化的早期标志物。据报道，膳食蛋白质可减轻成年人的内皮功能障碍，其作用可能由氨基酸含量介导。
本试验旨在评估一种特别设计的、富含亮氨酸、精氨酸和半胱氨酸的植物蛋白混合物对老年人餐后内皮功能的影响。
在一项随机、双盲、3期交叉（2周洗脱期）对照试验中，我们比较了3种高饱和脂肪高蔗糖（HFHS）餐的血管效应，这3种餐分别含有我们特定的植物蛋白混合物、乳蛋白或不添加蛋白质。该试验针对29名年龄>65岁且存在≥2种心血管代谢危险因素的健康成年人进行。在空腹、餐后3小时和5小时，使用肱动脉血流介导的舒张功能（FMD）、手部微血管反应性（使用激光多普勒血流仪，FLD）和手指反应性充血指数（使用外周动脉张力测量法，RHI）评估餐后血管功能。餐后还评估了外周血单核细胞（PBMC）中的免疫细胞计数和基因表达。使用混合线性模型对数据进行分析，并对参与者的膳食组成和采样时间进行重复测量。本试验已在clinicaltrials.gov上注册，注册号为NCT04923555。
餐后FMD增量AUC值降低（时间效应P<0.01），餐与餐之间无显著差异。RHI也随时间降低（P<0.01）。餐后PBMC计数以及单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP1）、IL-1β和IL-6表达增加，表明餐后内皮激活（P<0.05）。总体而言，膳食组成对任何餐后变化均无影响（P>0.10）。
在有心血管代谢风险且年龄>65岁的健康成年人中，在HFHS挑战餐中添加蛋白质并不能减轻餐后血管内皮功能障碍和炎症激活。需要进一步研究以探索与年轻人的潜在差异。
