School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
BMC Oral Health. 2024 Oct 18;24(1):1244. doi: 10.1186/s12903-024-05046-3.
This study used micro-focus X-ray Computed Tomography (micro-XCT) to examine the anatomical differences and dimensions of the maxillary incisive canal (MIC) in a South African population. The accurate imaging yielded dependable results that support earlier research and enhance anterior maxilla surgery planning. Furthermore, these anatomical features are compared between various racial and gender groupings in the study.
Using a micro-XCT scanner, 108 human cadaver skulls from the Pretoria Bone Collection were scanned and included in the study. Advanced volume rendering software was employed for measuring the MIC length, diameter, shape, and the buccal bone wall measurements in relation to the MIC.
Significant anatomical variation in the size and shape of the MIC was identified in the population, with variations seen between racial and gender groups. The incisive foramen (ICO) mean diameter was 6.61 mm, and the MIC length varied from 4.96 to 20.10 mm. There were significant differences in the buccal alveolar bone height between different ethnic groups and gender. Regarding morphological patterns in coronal and sagittal views, single canals were more common in the black population while Y-shaped canals were more common in the white population. The study also introduced a new metric by measuring the mean distances between teeth #11 and #21 and the ICO (1.83 mm and 1.88 mm respectively).
The complex anatomical differences of the MIC in a South African population were clarified. Clinicians should be aware of tooth sockets in near proximity to the MIC and perform accurate preoperative assessment using sophisticated 3-D imaging and preferable guided implant placement in the anterior maxilla.
本研究采用微焦点 X 射线计算机断层扫描（micro-XCT）技术，对南非人群上颌切牙管（MIC）的解剖差异和尺寸进行了研究。准确的成像提供了可靠的结果，支持了早期的研究，并增强了前上颌手术规划。此外，本研究还比较了不同种族和性别群体的解剖特征。
使用 micro-XCT 扫描仪，对来自比勒陀利亚骨骼收藏的 108 个人类尸体颅骨进行扫描，并将其纳入研究。采用先进的容积渲染软件测量 MIC 的长度、直径、形状以及与 MIC 相关的颊骨壁测量值。
在所研究的人群中，MIC 的大小和形状存在显著的解剖学差异，在种族和性别群体之间也存在差异。切牙孔（ICO）的平均直径为 6.61mm，MIC 的长度从 4.96mm 到 20.10mm 不等。不同种族和性别之间的颊牙槽骨高度存在显著差异。在冠状和矢状视图的形态模式方面，单管在黑人群体中更为常见，而 Y 形管在白人群体中更为常见。该研究还引入了一个新的指标，即测量第 11 号和第 21 号牙齿与 ICO 之间的平均距离（分别为 1.83mm 和 1.88mm）。
阐明了南非人群上颌切牙管的复杂解剖差异。临床医生应注意与 MIC 接近的牙窝，并在前上颌使用先进的 3D 成像进行准确的术前评估，最好采用引导式种植体放置。
