Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117557, Singapore.
Development. 2024 Oct 15;151(20). doi: 10.1242/dev.202681. Epub 2024 Oct 21.
Stomata, microscopic pores flanked by symmetrical guard cells, are vital regulators of gas exchange that link plant processes with environmental dynamics. The formation of stomata involves the multi-step progression of a specialized cell lineage. Remarkably, this process is heavily influenced by environmental factors, allowing plants to adjust stomatal production to local conditions. With global warming set to alter our climate at an unprecedented pace, understanding how environmental factors impact stomatal development and plant fitness is becoming increasingly important. In this Review, we focus on the effects of carbon dioxide, high temperature and drought - three environmental factors tightly linked to global warming - on stomatal development. We summarize the stomatal response of a variety of plant species and highlight the existence of species-specific adaptations. Using the model plant Arabidopsis, we also provide an update on the molecular mechanisms involved in mediating the plasticity of stomatal development. Finally, we explore how knowledge on stomatal development is being applied to generate crop varieties with optimized stomatal traits that enhance their resilience against climate change and maintain agricultural productivity.
气孔是由对称的保卫细胞环绕的微小孔隙，是气体交换的重要调节者，将植物的生理过程与环境动态联系起来。气孔的形成涉及到一个专门的细胞谱系的多步进展。值得注意的是，这个过程受到环境因素的强烈影响，使植物能够根据当地条件调整气孔的产生。随着全球变暖以前所未有的速度改变我们的气候，了解环境因素如何影响气孔发育和植物适应性变得越来越重要。在这篇综述中，我们重点讨论了二氧化碳、高温和干旱这三个与全球变暖紧密相关的环境因素对气孔发育的影响。我们总结了各种植物物种的气孔反应，并强调了存在物种特异性的适应。我们还利用模式植物拟南芥，提供了关于调节气孔发育可塑性的分子机制的最新信息。最后，我们探讨了如何将气孔发育方面的知识应用于产生具有优化气孔特性的作物品种，以增强它们对气候变化的抵抗力并维持农业生产力。
