Gómez-Polo Cristina, Sánchez de Martín Manuel Antonio, Curto Adrian, Montero Javier, Martín Casado Ana María
Department of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
Department of Statistics, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
J Clin Periodontol. 2025 Mar;52(3):399-407. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.14081. Epub 2024 Oct 22.
While the importance of gingival aesthetics is increasingly recognized, a questionnaire quantifying its psychosocial impact is still lacking. We have adapted the validated Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) for the gingival context. This study's aim was to develop a new Psychosocial Impact of Gingival Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIGAQ) and test its validity for the general population in Spain, exploring the underlying dimensions of the construct assessed.
The PIDAQ was adapted to address gingival aesthetics. PIGAQ (23 items) was completed by 200 patients aged from 18 to 85 years, and socio-demographic variables were recorded. The four-dimensional structure of the PIDAQ was respected, adapting the subscales to focus on the gingiva. Descriptive analysis, assessments of reliability and validity and an exploratory factor analysis were performed.
The revised PIGAQ (now containing 20 items) has a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.88 with four underlying factors explaining 61.5% of the total variance. Three items (SI-1, PI-2 and PI-5) were eliminated because of unacceptable fit indices. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the subscales are as follows: Gingival Self-Confidence, 0.85; Social Impact, 0.84; Psychological Impact, 0.79; and Aesthetic Concern, 0.76.
PIGAQ is a reliable and potentially valid instrument for assessing psychosocial perceptions of gingival aesthetics. The scale was shown to have a satisfactory factor structure and level of internal consistency.
尽管牙龈美学的重要性日益得到认可，但仍缺乏一份量化其社会心理影响的问卷。我们已将经过验证的牙科美学社会心理影响问卷（PIDAQ）改编用于牙龈方面。本研究的目的是开发一种新的牙龈美学社会心理影响问卷（PIGAQ），并测试其在西班牙普通人群中的有效性，探索所评估结构的潜在维度。
对PIDAQ进行改编以适用于牙龈美学。200名年龄在18至85岁之间的患者完成了PIGAQ（23个项目），并记录了社会人口统计学变量。尊重PIDAQ的四维结构，对分量表进行改编以聚焦于牙龈。进行了描述性分析、信效度评估和探索性因素分析。
修订后的PIGAQ（现包含20个项目）的Cronbach's alpha系数为0.88，四个潜在因素解释了总方差的61.5%。由于拟合指数不可接受，剔除了三个项目（SI - 1、PI - 2和PI - 5）。各分量表的Cronbach's alpha系数如下：牙龈自信心，0.85；社会影响，0.84；心理影响，0.79；美学关注，0.76。
PIGAQ是一种可靠且可能有效的工具，用于评估对牙龈美学的社会心理认知。该量表显示出令人满意的因素结构和内部一致性水平。
