Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia.
Nat Food. 2024 Nov;5(11):929-938. doi: 10.1038/s43016-024-01065-z. Epub 2024 Oct 22.
Potassium (K) has received little attention as a potential yield-limiting factor in cropping systems. Here we investigated the K status in intensive cereal cropping systems in Indonesia, which are representative of many other Southeast Asian countries. Our analysis included nutrient input-output balance, leaf nutrient status, long- and short-term fertilizer trials, and farmer surveys. We revealed that soil K levels alone are insufficient to meet plant requirements, and current fertilizer applications are inadequate to prevent K deficiencies and large negative annual soil K balances in farmer fields (average -62 kgK ha). On-farm fertilizer trials indicated that nearly 80% of rice crops and 70% of maize crops achieved higher yields with the application of K fertilizer. Addressing K limitations will require an enhanced capacity to predict crop responses to K fertilizer, together with long-term, flexible fertilizer and crop residue management strategies. Furthermore, similar K limitations have probably emerged in other regions globally due to intensive cropping with insufficient K replenishment, which must be addressed to close yield gaps on existing farmland.
钾（K）作为作物系统中潜在的限制产量因素，尚未得到太多关注。本研究调查了印度尼西亚集约化谷物种植系统中的钾状况，该系统在许多其他东南亚国家具有代表性。我们的分析包括养分投入-产出平衡、叶片养分状况、长期和短期肥料试验以及农民调查。结果表明，仅靠土壤 K 水平不足以满足植物需求，目前的肥料施用量不足以防止 K 缺乏和农民田间土壤 K 平衡的大量负向（平均-62kgK/ha）。田间肥料试验表明，近 80%的水稻和 70%的玉米作物施用 K 肥后可获得更高的产量。要解决 K 限制问题，需要提高预测作物对 K 肥响应的能力，同时还需要采取长期、灵活的肥料和作物残体管理策略。此外，由于集约化种植导致 K 补充不足，全球其他地区可能也出现了类似的 K 限制问题，必须在现有农田上解决这些问题，以缩小产量差距。
