Ellis Ngarino, Macdonald Eliza, Almeida Eleanor
Art History, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
J R Soc N Z. 2022 Jun 27;53(3):362-380. doi: 10.1080/03036758.2022.2090967. eCollection 2023.
Traditionally, Taonga tuku iho (Māori ancestral treasures) circulated within complex political, social, and economic landscapes. From the late eighteenth century, however, the influx of Pākehā (non-Māori) resulted in tens of thousands of artworks moving out of Māori communities and into museums overseas. This article considers the dilemma of how to reconnect taonga Māori with whānau (family), hapū (sub-tribe), and iwi (tribe). A digital case study is presented as part of the project, as one strategy. We created a database we call the Rākai Register, and identified easy-to-use and cost-effective digital technologies such as Google Drive and Google Maps to store and display information about adornments either in public museum collections or which have been sold through auction. In the last section, we present the perspectives of Māori and Pasifika experts engaged with museum collections who reflect on the value and concerns of putting such cultural material online. Atua: deity; Aurei: cloak pins of ivory or greenstone;Hapū: sub-tribe; Harakeke: , fibre used extensively in weaving; Hei matau: fish hook-shaped greenstone adornment; Hei tiki: human-shaped adornment, usually from greenstone; He kupu hōu: some terminology; Heru: fine hair comb; Iwi: tribe; Kaitiaki: guardian; Kaitiakitanga: guardianship; Kanohi-ki-te-kanohi: face-to-face; Kapeu: a greenstone eardrop with the end curved; Kōrero: narratives; Kōrero pūrākau: knowledge review; Kuru: straight greenstone adornment; Mako: shark's tooth, used as an ear-ornament; Mana: prestige; Manaia: spiritual guardian, often shown as a beaked figure; Marakihau: carved figure with a fish tail, human head and a tube-like tongue; Mātauranga Māori: Māori knowledge; Mihi: greet; Pākehā: non-Māori; Papahou: rectangular-shaped carved wooden container for adornment; Pekapeka: a greenstone adornment representing two bats back-to-back; Pōria: an adornment made of pounamu or bone to mimic a ring worn on the leg of a captive bird; Powaka whakairo: box-like container for adornments; Pūpū harakeke: land snails; Rakau momori: Moriori tree engraving; Rākei: to adorn, bedeck; adorn oneself; Rei puta: whale tooth adornment; Tā: Sir; Tamariki: children; Tangata whenua: people of the land, Māori; Tangihanga: funeral; Taoka: Ngāi Tahu dialect version of 'taonga'; Taonga/taonga tuku iho: treasure, anything prized; Tapu: sacredness; Te Ao Māori: The Māori World; Te Kore: The Nothingness; Te Reo me ōna tikanga: the language and protocols; Tikanga: protocols; Tino Rangatiratanga: sovereignty; Waiata poi: poi song; Waka huia: oval-shaped carved wooden container for adornment; Whakaaro: thoughts; Whakakai: straight greenstone adornment; Whānau: family; Whakapapa: genealogical ascent and descent; provenance; Whakataukī: proverb; Wharawhara: long plumes of the white heron, worn by chiefs on state occasions; Wheua: human bone.
传统上，毛利祖传珍宝（Taonga tuku iho）在复杂的政治、社会和经济环境中流通。然而，从18世纪后期开始，非毛利人（Pākehā）的涌入导致数以万计的艺术品从毛利社区流出，进入海外博物馆。本文探讨了如何使毛利珍宝与毛利大家庭（whānau）、部落分支（hapū）和部落（iwi）重新建立联系这一难题。作为该项目的一部分，我们呈现了一个数字案例研究，这是其中一种策略。我们创建了一个名为拉凯登记簿（Rākai Register）的数据库，并确定了诸如谷歌云端硬盘和谷歌地图等易于使用且成本效益高的数字技术，用于存储和展示公共博物馆收藏的或通过拍卖售出的装饰品信息。在最后一部分，我们展示了参与博物馆藏品工作的毛利和太平洋岛民专家的观点，他们对将此类文化材料放到网上的价值和担忧进行了反思。阿图阿（Atua）：神灵；奥雷伊（Aurei）：象牙或绿玉制成的披风别针；部落分支（Hapū）；哈拉基克（Harakeke）：广泛用于编织的纤维；希马陶（Hei matau）：鱼钩形状的绿玉装饰品；希蒂基（Hei tiki）：人形装饰品，通常由绿玉制成；新术语（He kupu hōu）；赫鲁（Heru）：细齿梳；部落（Iwi）；守护者（Kaitiaki）；监护权（Kaitiakitanga）；面对面（Kanohi-ki-te-kanohi）；卡佩乌（Kapeu）：末端弯曲的绿玉耳坠；故事（Kōrero）；知识回顾（Kōrero pūrākau）；库鲁（Kuru）：直的绿玉装饰品；马科（Mako）：鲨鱼牙齿，用作耳饰；威望（Mana）；马纳亚（Manaia）：精神守护者，常被描绘成有喙的形象；马拉基豪（Marakihau）：有着鱼尾、人头和管状舌头的雕刻形象；毛利知识（Mātauranga Māori）；问候（Mihi）；非毛利人（Pākehā）；帕帕胡（Papahou）：用于装饰的长方形雕刻木制容器；佩卡佩卡（Pekapeka）：代表两只背靠背蝙蝠的绿玉装饰品；波里亚（Pōria）：由绿玉或骨头制成的模仿圈养鸟类腿上所戴环饰的装饰品；装饰盒（Powaka whakairo）；哈拉克克蜗牛（Pūpū harakeke）；莫里奥里树雕刻（Rakau momori）；拉凯（Rākei）：装饰、打扮；给自己打扮；雷伊普塔（Rei puta）：鲸牙装饰品；先生（Tā）；孩子（Tamariki）；土地的主人（Tangata whenua），毛利人；葬礼（Tangihanga）；珍宝（Taoka）：“taonga”的恩加蒂哈乌方言版本；珍宝/祖传珍宝（Taonga/taonga tuku iho）：宝物，任何珍贵之物；神圣性（Tapu）；毛利世界（Te Ao Māori）；虚无（Te Kore）；语言和礼仪（Te Reo me ōna tikanga）；礼仪（Tikanga）；主权（Tino Rangatiratanga）；波伊之歌（Waiata poi）；装饰用椭圆形雕刻木制容器（Waka huia）；想法（Whakaaro）；直的绿玉装饰品（Whakakai）；家庭（Whānau）；族谱（Whakapapa）：族谱的上升和下降；出处；谚语（Whakataukī）；白鹭的长羽（Wharawhara），首领在国家场合佩戴；人骨（Wheua）
