State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
Funct Integr Genomics. 2024 Oct 23;24(6):194. doi: 10.1007/s10142-024-01481-1.
Extreme anthropogenic activities and current farming techniques exacerbate the effects of water and soil impurity by hazardous heavy metals (HMs), severely reducing agricultural output and threatening food safety. In the upcoming years, plants that undergo exposure to HM might cause a considerable decline in the development as well as production. Hence, plants have developed sophisticated defensive systems to evade or withstand the harmful consequences of HM. These mechanisms comprise the uptake as well as storage of HMs in organelles, their immobilization via chemical formation by organic chelates, and their removal using many ion channels, transporters, signaling networks, and TFs, amid other approaches. Among various cutting-edge methodologies, omics, most notably genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, miRNAomics, phenomics, and epigenomics have become game-changing approaches, revealing information about the genes, proteins, critical metabolites as well as microRNAs that govern HM responses and resistance systems. With the help of integrated omics approaches, we will be able to fully understand the molecular processes behind plant defense, enabling the development of more effective crop protection techniques in the face of climate change. Therefore, this review comprehensively presented omics advancements that will allow resilient and sustainable crop plants to flourish in areas contaminated with HMs.
极端的人为活动和当前的农业技术加剧了水和土壤中有害重金属（HMs）的污染影响，严重降低了农业产量并威胁到食品安全。在未来几年，暴露于 HM 的植物可能会导致其发育和生产严重下降。因此，植物已经发展出复杂的防御系统来避免或承受 HM 的有害后果。这些机制包括将 HM 吸收和储存在细胞器中，通过有机螯合物的化学形成将其固定，以及利用许多离子通道、转运蛋白、信号网络和 TFs 等方法将其去除。在各种前沿方法中，组学，尤其是基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学、miRNA 组学、表型组学和表观基因组学，已成为改变游戏规则的方法，揭示了控制 HM 响应和抗性系统的基因、蛋白质、关键代谢物和 microRNAs 的信息。通过整合组学方法，我们将能够全面了解植物防御背后的分子过程，从而在气候变化面前开发更有效的作物保护技术。因此，本综述全面介绍了组学的进展，这些进展将使具有弹性和可持续性的作物植物能够在受到 HM 污染的地区茁壮成长。
