Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Maastricht University, Department of Nutrition & Movement Sciences (NUTRIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Nat Commun. 2024 Oct 24;15(1):9159. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-53292-4.
NADH and NAD act as electron donors and acceptors and NAD was shown to stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic health. We here develop a non-invasive Phosphorous Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (P-MRS) method to quantify these metabolites in human skeletal muscle on a clinical 3 T MRI scanner. This new MR-sequence enables NADH and NAD+ quantification by suppressing α-ATP signal, normally overlapping with NADH and NAD. The sequence is based on a double spin echo in combination with a modified z-Filter achieving strong α-ATP suppression with little effect on NAD and NADH. Here we test and validate it in phantoms and in humans by measuring reproducibility and detecting a physiological decrease in NAD and increase in NADH induced by ischemia. Furthermore, the P-MRS outcomes are compared to analysis in biopsies. Additionally, we show higher NAD and lower NADH content in physically active older adults compared to sedentary individuals, reflecting increased metabolic health.
NADH 和 NAD 作为电子供体和受体，并且 NAD 被证明可以刺激线粒体生物发生和代谢健康。我们在这里开发了一种非侵入性的磷磁共振波谱（P-MRS）方法，可在临床 3T MRI 扫描仪上对人体骨骼肌中的这些代谢物进行定量。该新的 MR 序列通过抑制通常与 NADH 和 NAD 重叠的α-ATP 信号来实现 NADH 和 NAD+的定量。该序列基于双回波与改进的 z 滤波器相结合，可实现对 α-ATP 的强烈抑制，而对 NAD 和 NADH 的影响很小。在这里，我们通过测量可重复性并检测由缺血引起的 NAD 生理性降低和 NADH 生理性增加，在体模和人体中对其进行了测试和验证。此外，将 P-MRS 结果与活检分析进行了比较。此外，与久坐不动的个体相比，活跃的老年人的 NAD 含量更高，NADH 含量更低，这反映了代谢健康状况的改善。
