College of the Physical Education, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China.
College of the Physical Education, Jishou University, Jishou, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 23;14(1):25053. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-76889-7.
The run-up velocity and jumping ground reaction force directly influence gymnasts' ability to perform more difficult manoeuvres and win competitions on vault. However, the variables influencing them among elite female gymnasts remain inadequately understood and warrant detailed investigation. This study aimed to analyse critical variables including run-up velocity and jumping ground reaction force, and to compare these factors across different vault types while further exploring the correlations among them. The study hypothesized that there are significant differences in run-up velocity and jumping ground reaction force across vaulting types, and that these differences will affect athletes' performance. To test this hypothesis, the study analyzed data from performance tests on 16 elite Chinese female gymnasts, focusing on vaulting run-up velocity and jumping ground reaction force. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and binary logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the relationships between the variables. The study found significant differences in interval run-up velocities between the Front handspring vaults and the Tsukahara vaults, particularly before the last 10 m (p = 0.04) and the last 5 m (p = 0.03). Specifically, the Front handspring vaults had higher velocities before the last 10 m, while the Tsukahara vaults had higher velocities within the last 5 m. Differences were also noted in the lengths of the penultimate (p = 0.03), last (p = 0.01), and hurdle steps (p = 0.04). The jumping ground reaction force showed a strong negative correlation with run-up velocity before the last 10 m (ρ = -0.469, p < 0.01) and the last 5 m (ρ = - 0.604, p < 0.01). However, no significant associations were found with the 25 m run-up velocity (p = 0.346). Significant differences were observed in the hip joint angle (p = 0.001) and the trunk-to-ground angle (p = 0.001), but not in the landing angle (p = 0.435) and take-off angle (p = 0.594) during the take-off phase. These findings suggest that revising the run-up rhythm and improving pedaling techniques could contribute to the successful performance of more difficult vaulting maneuvers for female elite gymnasts in China.
助跑速度和跳跃地面反作用力直接影响体操运动员完成更困难动作和在跳马比赛中获胜的能力。然而，在优秀女体操运动员中，影响这些变量的因素仍了解不足，需要详细研究。本研究旨在分析包括助跑速度和跳跃地面反作用力在内的关键变量，并比较不同跳马类型之间的这些因素，同时进一步探讨它们之间的相关性。研究假设不同跳马类型之间的助跑速度和跳跃地面反作用力存在显著差异，这些差异将影响运动员的表现。为了验证这一假设，研究分析了 16 名中国优秀女体操运动员在跳马项目中的表现测试数据，重点关注跳马助跑速度和跳跃地面反作用力。描述性统计用于总结数据，二元逻辑回归分析用于研究变量之间的关系。研究发现，前手翻跳马和冢原跳马之间的助跑速度间隔有显著差异，特别是在最后 10 米之前（p=0.04）和最后 5 米（p=0.03）。具体来说，前手翻跳马在最后 10 米之前的速度更高，而冢原跳马在最后 5 米内的速度更高。在倒数第二步（p=0.03）、最后一步（p=0.01）和障碍步（p=0.04）的长度上也存在差异。跳跃地面反作用力与最后 10 米前（ρ=-0.469，p<0.01）和最后 5 米（ρ=-0.604，p<0.01）的助跑速度呈强负相关。然而，与 25 米助跑速度（p=0.346）没有显著关联。在起跳阶段，髋关节角度（p=0.001）和躯干与地面角度（p=0.001）存在显著差异，但起跳角度（p=0.435）和着陆角度（p=0.594）没有显著差异。这些发现表明，修改助跑节奏和改进踏跳技术可能有助于中国优秀女体操运动员成功完成更困难的跳马动作。
