College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
Biosensors (Basel). 2024 Oct 12;14(10):496. doi: 10.3390/bios14100496.
This review examines recent advancements in electrochemical immunosensors for the detection of organophosphate pesticides, focusing on strategies to enhance sensitivity and selectivity. The widespread use of these pesticides has necessitated the development of rapid, accurate, and field-deployable detection methods. We discuss the fundamental principles of electrochemical immunosensors and explore innovative approaches to improve their performance. These include the utilization of nanomaterials such as metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and graphene for signal amplification; enzyme-based amplification strategies; and the design of three-dimensional electrode architectures. The integration of these sensors into microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip devices has enabled miniaturization and automation, while screen-printed and disposable electrodes have facilitated on-site testing. We analyze the challenges faced in real sample analysis, including matrix effects and the stability of biological recognition elements. Emerging trends such as the application of artificial intelligence for data interpretation and the development of aptamer-based sensors are highlighted. The review also considers the potential for commercialization and the hurdles that must be overcome for widespread adoption. Future research directions are identified, including the development of multi-analyte detection platforms and the integration of sensors with emerging technologies like the Internet of Things. This comprehensive overview provides insights into the current state of the field and outlines promising avenues for future development in organophosphate pesticide detection.
本综述探讨了电化学免疫传感器在检测有机磷农药方面的最新进展，重点关注提高灵敏度和选择性的策略。这些农药的广泛使用需要开发快速、准确和现场部署的检测方法。我们讨论了电化学免疫传感器的基本原理，并探讨了改善其性能的创新方法。这些方法包括利用纳米材料（如金属纳米粒子、碳纳米管和石墨烯）进行信号放大；基于酶的放大策略；以及三维电极结构的设计。这些传感器与微流控和芯片实验室设备的集成实现了小型化和自动化，而丝网印刷和一次性电极则促进了现场测试。我们分析了在实际样品分析中面临的挑战，包括基质效应和生物识别元件的稳定性。强调了人工智能在数据解释中的应用和基于适配体的传感器等新兴趋势。该综述还考虑了商业化的潜力以及广泛采用所必须克服的障碍。确定了未来的研究方向，包括多分析物检测平台的开发以及将传感器与物联网等新兴技术集成。本综述全面概述了该领域的现状，并为有机磷农药检测的未来发展指明了有前途的途径。
