Xiao Yi, Du Zhe, Li Yuqian, Cao Lijia, Zhu Bo, Kitaguchi Tetsuya, Huang Caihong
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Aug 10;25(16):4945. doi: 10.3390/s25164945.
Due to the frequent occurrence and elevated concentrations of emerging contaminants (ECs) in water environments, as well as their high toxicity, these compounds have become a growing concern, threatening water safety, human health, and environmental health. Stricter regulations and routine monitoring are required to control EC pollution in water. Analytical chemistry-based techniques are the most widely used approach for quantifying ECs in environmental samples. However, high costs, complex sample preparation, time-consuming protocols, and labor-intensive processes limit their application for the routine and rapid detection of ECs. Biosensors are a promising biotechnological alternative that has received increased attention in recent years for the quantification of ECs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the main types of biosensors used for monitoring ECs in aquatic environments, highlighting their underlying detection mechanisms and recent technological advancements. It also discusses key challenges associated with different biosensor platforms, such as stability, sensitivity, and development complexity. Potential future research directions to address these limitations and enhance the performance of biosensors include immobilization on hybrid nanomaterials, and the development of portable and multifunctional biosensors for on-site and real-time monitoring. By summarizing current progress and identifying future directions, this review will broaden the awareness and recognition of biosensors for monitoring ECs in water environments, contributing to water safety, sanitation, and sustainability.
由于新兴污染物（ECs）在水环境中频繁出现且浓度不断升高，加之其高毒性，这些化合物已日益受到关注，威胁着水安全、人类健康和环境健康。需要更严格的法规和常规监测来控制水中的EC污染。基于分析化学的技术是环境样品中ECs定量分析中应用最广泛的方法。然而，高成本、复杂的样品制备、耗时的方案和劳动密集型过程限制了它们在ECs常规快速检测中的应用。生物传感器是一种很有前途的生物技术替代方法，近年来在ECs定量分析方面受到了越来越多的关注。本文综述了用于监测水生环境中ECs的主要生物传感器类型，重点介绍了其潜在的检测机制和最新技术进展。还讨论了与不同生物传感器平台相关的关键挑战，如稳定性、灵敏度和开发复杂性。解决这些限制并提高生物传感器性能的未来潜在研究方向包括固定在混合纳米材料上，以及开发用于现场实时监测的便携式多功能生物传感器。通过总结当前进展并确定未来方向，本综述将拓宽对水环境中监测ECs的生物传感器的认识和认可，为水安全、卫生和可持续性做出贡献。
