Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Factors in the Genome of APEC 36 Strain Isolated from a Broiler Chicken with Generalized Colibacillosis.

Multidrug-resistant, highly pathogenic strains are the primary causative agents of intestinal and extraintestinal human diseases. The extensive utilization of antibiotics for farm animals has been identified as a contributing factor to the emergence and dissemination of strains that exhibit multidrug resistance and possess high pathogenic potential. Consequently, a significant research objective is to examine the genetic diversity of pathogenic strains and to identify those that may pose a threat to human health. In this study, we present the results of genome sequencing and analysis, as well as the physiological characterization of strain APEC 36, which was isolated from the liver of a broiler chicken with generalized colibacillosis. We found that APEC 36 possess a number of mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, including antibiotic efflux, antibiotic inactivation, and antibiotic target alteration/replacement/protection. The most widely represented group among these mechanisms was that of antibiotic efflux. This finding is consistent with the strain's documented resistance to multiple antibiotics. APEC 36 has an extremely rare variant of the beta-lactamase CTX-M-169. Notwithstanding the multitude of systems for interfering with foreign DNA present in the strain, seven plasmids have been identified, three of which may possess novel replication origins. Additionally, , which confers resistance to fluoroquinolones, was found to be encoded in the genome rather than in the plasmid. This suggests that the determinants of antibiotic resistance may be captured in the genome and stably transmitted from generation to generation. The APEC 36 strain has genes for toxins, adhesins, protectins, and an iron uptake system. The obtained set of genetic and physiological characteristics allowed us to assume that this strain has a high pathogenic potential for humans.