Rossi Franca, Iannitto Martina, Hulaj Beqe, Manocchio Paola, Gentile Francesca, Matto Ilaria Del, Paoletti Massimiliano, Marino Lucio, Ricchiuti Luciano
Teramo, Diagnostic Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
Veterinary Laboratory, Food and Veterinary Agency, Industrial Zone, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo.
Insects. 2024 Oct 9;15(10):786. doi: 10.3390/insects15100786.
The and parasitoid flies of the honeybee were found to infest apiaries of different European and Mediterranean countries but their prevalence and impact on apiary health are little known. Therefore, in this study, quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based methods were developed for their rapid detection directly in hive matrices. The newly developed qPCR assays were targeted at the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I () gene for the and the cytochrome B (B) gene for the The tests were preliminarily applied to 64 samples of adult honeybees and hive debris collected in the Abruzzo and Molise regions, Central Italy, and the Republic of Kosovo showing that both flies occur in the two countries and more frequently in Italy. The positive apiaries in Italy were re-sampled by capturing viable forager bees and isolating emerging flies to carry out the genotyping and analyses aimed at defining if these flies can transmit honeybee pathogens. Genotyping based on the and B gene sequencing for and , respectively, identified one genotype and diverse genotypes of highly similar to those from distant countries. Some fly isolates harbored the DNA or RNA of honeybee microbial pathogens , deformed wing viruses A and B (DWVA and B), black queen cell virus (BQCV), chronic paralysis virus (CBPV), and . The results indicated that these parasites should be efficiently controlled in apiaries by using rapid detection methods to facilitate the large screening studies and early detection.
已发现蜜蜂的[具体种类1]和[具体种类2]寄生蝇侵扰欧洲和地中海不同国家的养蜂场，但其流行情况以及对养蜂场健康的影响鲜为人知。因此，在本研究中，开发了基于定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）的方法，用于直接在蜂巢基质中快速检测它们。新开发的qPCR检测法分别针对[具体种类1]的线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基I（COI）基因和[具体种类2]的细胞色素B（CYTB）基因。这些检测方法初步应用于从意大利中部阿布鲁佐和莫利塞地区以及科索沃共和国采集的64份成年蜜蜂和蜂巢碎片样本，结果表明这两种寄生蝇在这两个国家均有出现，且在意大利更为常见。对意大利的阳性养蜂场重新采样，捕捉有活力的觅食蜜蜂并分离出羽化的寄生蝇，以进行基因分型和分析，旨在确定这些寄生蝇是否能传播蜜蜂病原体。分别基于[具体种类1]的COI基因测序和[具体种类2]的CYTB基因测序进行基因分型，鉴定出一种[具体种类1]基因型和多种[具体种类2]基因型，这些基因型与来自遥远国家的基因型高度相似。一些寄生蝇分离株携带蜜蜂微生物病原体[具体病原体名称1]、变形翅病毒A和B（DWVA和DWVB）、黑蜂王台病毒（BQCV）、慢性麻痹病毒（CBPV）以及[具体病原体名称2]的DNA或RNA。结果表明，应通过使用快速检测方法在养蜂场有效控制这些寄生虫，以促进大规模筛查研究和早期检测。
