Williams Samantha L, Chiller Tom
Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
J Fungi (Basel). 2022 Jun 25;8(7):666. doi: 10.3390/jof8070666.
Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection caused by and . The dimorphic fungi live in the soils of arid and semi-arid regions of the western United States, as well as parts of Mexico, Central America, and South America. Incidence of disease has risen consistently in recent years, and the geographic distribution of spp. appears to be expanding beyond previously known areas of endemicity. Climate factors are predicted to further extend the range of environments suitable for the growth and dispersal of species. Most infections are asymptomatic, though a small proportion result in severe or life-threatening forms of disease. Primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis is commonly mistaken for community-acquired pneumonia, often leading to inappropriate antibacterial treatment and unnecessary healthcare costs. Diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis is challenging and often relies on clinician suspicion to pursue laboratory testing. Advancements in diagnostic tools and antifungal therapy developments seek to improve the early detection and effective management of infection. This review will highlight recent updates and summarize the current understanding of the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of coccidioidomycosis.
球孢子菌病是一种由[具体真菌名称缺失]引起的真菌感染。这种双相真菌存在于美国西部干旱和半干旱地区的土壤中，以及墨西哥、中美洲和南美洲的部分地区。近年来，该病的发病率持续上升，[真菌名称缺失]物种的地理分布似乎正在扩展到先前已知的地方病流行区域之外。预计气候因素将进一步扩大适合[真菌名称缺失]物种生长和传播的环境范围。大多数感染是无症状的，不过一小部分会导致严重或危及生命的疾病形式。原发性肺球孢子菌病通常被误诊为社区获得性肺炎，常常导致不适当的抗菌治疗和不必要的医疗费用。球孢子菌病的诊断具有挑战性，通常依赖临床医生的怀疑来进行实验室检测。诊断工具的进步和抗真菌治疗的发展旨在改善感染的早期检测和有效管理。本综述将重点介绍最近的更新内容，并总结目前对球孢子菌病的流行病学、诊断和治疗的认识。
