Feng Jiahao, Peng Jingya, Hsiao Yun-Chung, Liu Chih-Wei, Yang Yifei, Zhao Haoduo, Teitelbaum Taylor, Wang Xueying, Lu Kun
Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Metabolites. 2024 Oct 11;14(10):544. doi: 10.3390/metabo14100544.
Non/low-caloric artificial sweeteners (NAS) are recognized as chemical additives substituting sugars to avoid caloric intake and subsequent sugar-derived diseases such as diabetes and hyperglycemia. Six NAS have been claimed safe and are authorized by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for public use, with acceptable daily intake information available: aspartame, acesulfame-K, saccharin, sucralose, neotame, and advantame. However, the impacts of NAS on the gut microbiome have raised potential concerns, since sporadic research revealed NAS-induced microbial changes in the gastrointestinal tracts and alterations in the microbiome-host interactive metabolism.
Given the fact that the gut microbiome influences kaleidoscopic physiological functions in host health, this review aimed to decipher the impacts of NAS on the gut microbiome by implementing a comprehensive two-stage literature analysis based on each NAS.
This review documented disturbed microbiomes due to NAS exposure to a maximal resolution of species level using taxonomic clustering analysis, and recorded metabolism alterations involved in gut microbiome-host interactions.
The results elucidated that specific NAS exhibited discrepant impacts on the gut microbiome, even though overlapping on the genera and species were identified. Some NAS caused glucose tolerance impairment in the host, but the key metabolites and their underlying mechanisms were different. Furthermore, this review embodied the challenges and future directions of current NAS-gut microbiome research to inspire advanced examination of the NAS exposure-gut microbiome-host metabolism axis.
非/低热量人工甜味剂（NAS）被视为替代糖类的化学添加剂，以避免热量摄入及随后出现的糖源性疾病，如糖尿病和高血糖症。六种NAS已被认定为安全，并获美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准可供公众使用，且有可接受的每日摄入量信息：阿斯巴甜、安赛蜜、糖精、三氯蔗糖、纽甜和阿力甜。然而，NAS对肠道微生物群的影响引发了潜在担忧，因为零星的研究揭示了NAS会导致胃肠道微生物变化以及微生物群与宿主相互作用代谢的改变。
鉴于肠道微生物群影响宿主健康中千变万化的生理功能，本综述旨在通过基于每种NAS进行全面的两阶段文献分析，来解读NAS对肠道微生物群的影响。
本综述通过分类聚类分析记录了因接触NAS导致的微生物群紊乱，分辨率达到物种水平，并记录了肠道微生物群与宿主相互作用中涉及的代谢改变。
结果表明，尽管发现了属和种的重叠，但特定的NAS对肠道微生物群表现出不同的影响。一些NAS会导致宿主葡萄糖耐量受损，但关键代谢产物及其潜在机制各不相同。此外，本综述体现了当前NAS与肠道微生物群研究的挑战和未来方向，以激发对NAS暴露-肠道微生物群-宿主代谢轴的深入研究。
