Yu Young-Bin, Lee Ju-Wook, Jo A-Hyun, Choi Young Jae, Choi Cheol Young, Kang Ju-Chan, Kim Jun-Hwan
Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
Incheon Regional Office of National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, Incheon 22346, Republic of Korea.
Toxics. 2024 Sep 26;12(10):699. doi: 10.3390/toxics12100699.
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential trace element that poses significant toxic effects on fish. This review focuses on hematological and plasma biochemical parameters as key indicators of fish health under Cd exposure. Hematological parameters, such as red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and hematocrit (Ht), were selected for their critical role in oxygen transport and their sensitivity to Cd-induced disruptions, which often result in anemia and impaired oxygen delivery to tissues. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) provide further insights into erythropoiesis and hemoglobin synthesis, both of which are essential for assessing Cd toxicity. Plasma biochemical parameters, including calcium, magnesium, glucose, cholesterol, total protein, and liver enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), are crucial for understanding ionic balance, metabolic regulation, and organ function, especially in fish exposed to Cd. These biomarkers offer a comprehensive view of the physiological stress and organ damage caused by Cd toxicity. This review synthesizes literature findings on the toxic effects of Cd on these parameters. It also discusses potential mitigation strategies, including dietary supplementation with antioxidants and trace elements, to counteract the harmful effects of Cd exposure.
镉（Cd）是一种非必需的微量元素，对鱼类具有显著的毒性作用。本综述聚焦于血液学和血浆生化参数，将其作为镉暴露下鱼类健康的关键指标。选择红细胞（RBC）计数、血红蛋白（Hb）浓度和血细胞比容（Ht）等血液学参数，是因其在氧气运输中起关键作用，且对镉诱导的干扰敏感，镉诱导的干扰常导致贫血及组织氧气输送受损。平均红细胞体积（MCV）、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量（MCH）和平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）能进一步深入了解红细胞生成和血红蛋白合成情况，这两者对于评估镉毒性都至关重要。血浆生化参数，包括钙、镁、葡萄糖、胆固醇、总蛋白以及天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）等肝脏酶类，对于理解离子平衡、代谢调节和器官功能至关重要，尤其是在暴露于镉的鱼类中。这些生物标志物全面反映了镉毒性所导致的生理应激和器官损伤情况。本综述综合了关于镉对这些参数毒性作用的文献研究结果。还讨论了潜在的缓解策略，包括通过饮食补充抗氧化剂和微量元素，以抵消镉暴露的有害影响。
